Unit 3–land based empires

What dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1911 and had Manchu origins?

The Qing Dynasty.

What led to the decline of the Ming Dynasty before the rise of the Qing?

Corruption, famine, piracy, and rebellion.

Who captured Beijing in 1644, triggering the start of the Qing Dynasty?

Li Zicheng, leading a peasant revolt.

What hairstyle were Han Chinese required to adopt under Qing rule?

The queue hairstyle.

Which Qing emperor expanded the empire into Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet?

Kangxi.

What was Qianlong known for during his reign?

Expanding influence into Central Asia and establishing protectorates.

What was the primary religion of the Safavid Empire?

Twelver Shiism.

What significant battle did the Moroccans win over the Songhai Empire in 1591?

The Battle of Tondibi.

What was the devshirme system in the Ottoman Empire?

A practice of recruiting Christian boys to be trained as Janissaries or bureaucrats.

What was the purpose of the Palace of Versailles in the context of Louis XIV’s reign?

To demonstrate the king's absolute power and control over the nobility.

What type of empire is associated with the term 'gunpowder empire'?

Empires that used military technology, particularly gunpowder, to expand and maintain control.

What sparked the Thirty Years’ War in Europe?

Religious conflict between Protestant and Catholic powers, initiated by the Defenestration of Prague.

What did the Peace of Westphalia establish in relation to state sovereignty?

Each state had the right to determine its own religion, marking a shift towards the modern state system.

Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?

Babur.

What was a significant characteristic of Akbar’s rule?

Religious tolerance and the abolition of the jizya tax.

What was the main conflict between the Ottoman and Safavid empires?

The sectarian rivalry between Sunni and Shia Islam.

What architectural marvel was built during Shah Jahan's reign in the Mughal Empire?

The Taj Mahal.

What impact did the Protestant Reformation have on European politics?

It weakened the Holy Roman Empire and led to religious wars, including the Thirty Years' War.

What was the role of zamindars in the Mughal Empire?

They were hereditary tax collectors who managed land and economic resources.

What was the goal of Sikhism as it developed in South Asia?

To blend elements of various religions and promote nonviolence.

What influence did the Ottoman Empire have on Eurasia?

It bridged political, cultural, and religious divides across Europe, Africa, and Asia.

What was significant about the Afghan city of Kandahar in the 17th century conflict between the Safavid and Mughal empires?

It was a key trade and military post contested by the two powers.

What was the result and significance of the Ottoman taxation system known as 'tax farming'?

It allowed local elites to collect taxes, but led to corruption and exploitation of the population.