Carbs/Lipids/Proteins/Nucleic Acids

1. Are carbs a quick energy source

1. Yes

1. Are carbs short or long term energy storage

1. Short term energy storage

1. What are 3 common monosaccharides

1. Glucose

2. Fructose

3. Galactose

1. What are isomers

1. Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

1. What are two 5-carbon sugars

1. Ribose

2. Deoxyribose

1. What are disaccharides

1. 2 monosaccharides thay are combined

1. What are 3 examples of disaccharides

1. Maltose

2. Sucrose

3. Lactose

1. What are polysaccharides

1. Long chains of glucose units

1. What sre 4 examples of polysaccharides

1. Starch

2. Cellulose

3. Glycogen

4. Chitin

1. What is starch

1. Glucose stored in plants

1. Where is cellulose found

1. Plant cell walls

1. What is glycogen

1. Glucose stored in animal cells

1. What is chitin

1. The outside cover if insects and crustaceans

1. Are lipid molecules smaller or bigger than sugars

1. Bigger

1. Are lipids short or long term energy storage

1. Long term energy storage

1. How much more energy per gram do fats produce compared to carbs or proteins

1. 2.25x more

1. Glycerol is a type of ___

1. Alcohol

1. What are fatty acids made of

1. Hydrocarbon chain that ends with a carboxyl group

1. What is the most common fat found in blood

1. Triglycerides

1. Do saturated fats contain single or double covalent bonds between carbon atoms

1. Single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

1. Do unsaturated fats contain single or double covalent bonds between carbon atoms

1. Double covalent bonds between carbon atoms

1. What is hydrogenation

1. The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fat to make it saturated

1. Why is hydrogenation used

1. To preserve the freshness of a product

1. Do lipids dissolve in water

1. No

1. Are lipids electrically positive, negative, or neutral

1. Neutral

1. What is the exception of a lipid not being electrically neutral

1. Phospholipids

1. What are phospholipids made up of

1. Glycerol, 2 fatty acids + a phosphate group

1. What are the 4 parts of an amino acid

1. Amino group

2. Carboxyl group

3. Central carbon bonded with a hydrogen

4. R group

1. What is a peptide bond

1. A bond that joins 2 amino acids

1. What is a dipeptide

1. 2 amino acids joined together

1. What is a polypeptide

1. A single chain of amino acids

1. What does it mean if the R group is on the outside of the final protein

1. The protein is soluble in water

1. What does it mean if the R group is on the inside of the final protein

1. The protein is insoluble in water

1. How many levels of organization does the structure of protein have

1. 3-4

1. What is the shape of the primary structure of a protein

1. A straight chain of amino acids

1. What is the shape of the secondary structure of a protein (2 parts)

1. Part of the polypeptide coils and form helixes

2. Other parts zig-zag and form pleated sheets

1. What type of bond holds together the secondary structure

1. Hydrogen bonds

1. What type of bond holds together the tertiary structure

1. Disulphide bonds

1. When do you get a quarternary structure of a protein

1. When two or more tertiary proteins combine

1. When does a protein get denatured

1. When a change in temperature or pH causes it to permanently lose its normal 3d shape