NURS 3515 3.00 Section E: Evidence-informed Nursing Practice: Research and Inquiry

conceptual framework

systematic investigation with aim of answering questions about nursing phenomena

Research

observable facts, perceptible by senses.

Phenomena

systematically finding, appraising, and using research findings as basis for clinical care

evidence-based practice

make clinical decisions on best avail research evidence, clinical practices and patient preferences

how do nurses used EBP (evidence based practice)

continuous interactive process involving the explicit, conscientious and judicious consideration of the best available evidence

evidence informed decision making

expands scientific knowledge, forms foundation for evidence-informed nursing, allows practice to change

why is research needed /significant to nursing? (3 reasons)

examples of research trends

Indigenous populations
palliative care and medically-assisted dying
mental health
geriatric care
chronic illness
covid-19
maternal
neonatal

synthesis of knowledge, effect of philosophy, making a change in practice, eval of change for patient, provider and HC system

using research in practice (4)

trends that influence nursing research

emphasis on health disparities among Indigenous people, emphasis on under serviced communities and vulnerable populations, focus on palliative care and MAD, increased prevalence of life-threatening illnesses due to new life sustaining tech, increase in mental health illness, expanding population of older people, expanding population with chronic illness, impact of covid-19, focus on maternal-neonatal mortality

consumer, generator, investigator/participant, protector

4 roles of the nurse in research

nurse who follows protocols and guidelines

Nursing role in Research: consumer

nurse who asks clinical questions

Nursing role in research: generator

nurse who investigates or participates in research

Nursing role in research: investigator

Nurse who ensures safe research for patients

Nursing role in research: protector

Gap, Generation, Distribution, Adoption, Review and Revision

Knowledge Development Timeline

on preparation of nurses for practice, not research

1900-1940 emphasis was

growth of university for registered psychiatric nursing, first masters degree for registered psychiatric nurses

key events from 2000-2012

created numerous challenges and opportunities for research, many projects were delayed, had generated plethora of research ideas

covid-19 impact on research (3)

nurses ask questions that require experts, absence of theoretical knowledge

knowledge development: knowledge gap

research questions are devised, qualitative and quantitative methods are used

knowledge development: knowledge generation

knowledge is shared with profession through formal and informal methods

knowledge development: knowledge distribution

new knowledge is used to alter practice., develop policies and protocols

knowledge development: knowledge adoption

new health issues lead to asking of new questions, old knowledge is excused, new questions prompt new research

knowledge development: revision and review

personal, experiential, ethical, aesthetic, sociopolitical, theoretical/empirical

6 types of nursing knowledge

comes from inner experience and maturation, continual life process

types of nursing knowledge: personal

comes from repeated exposure to situations, movement along a continuum

types of nursing knowledge: experiential

moral component

types of nursing knowledge: ethical

art of nursing, expressive, intuitive, creative aspects

types of nursing knowledge: aesthetic

contextual knowledge that moved beyond nurse/patient and understands culture, society, politics

types of nursing knowledge: sociopolitical

scientific knowledge

types of nursing knowledge: theoretical/empirical

types of nursing knowledge: ethical

Pattern, set of shared beliefs by researchers

Paradigm

the study of being

Ontology

study of knowledge and truth

Epistemology

specific "methods" used to guide research

methodology

specific means of collecting data

methods

personal, social and political environment in which phenomena occurs

context

goals of research

aim of inquiry

reality exists
researcher is independent
values and biased are to be held
quantitative

Paradigm - Positivist

water boils at 100C, researcher is not influencing that water

Paradigm - Positivist Example

reality is multiple and subjective
research interacts
subjectivity is inevitable
qualitative

Paradigm - Constructivist

research that collects and reports data in numerical form

quantative research

measurement
hypothesis testing
data analysis

quantative research objective

identify research question, review literature, identify framework that best explains how concepts relate, decide on most suitable study design, select sample and measure, analyze the data and report

6 steps of quantitative research process

experiments
questionnaires
surveys

quantative research approaches

systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning

Qualitative Research

identify research question, review lit, select group who have experienced this, conduct interviews about phenomenon, analyze data, review lit, conduct further interview and observation, review lit, summarize findings

6 steps of qualitative research process (plus 3 reviews of lit)

observation interviews
case studies
narrative analyses

Qualitative Research approaches

start with general picture and move to specific direction (2+ concepts)

deductive reasoning (quantitative)

start with details and move to general picture

inductive reasoning (qualitative)

property that is being studied, something that changes

variable

abstract ideas

concepts are major components of theory and convey the BLANK BLANK within a theory

image or symbolic representation of abstract idea

concept (ex: pain and weight, God)

structure of concepts that presents an explanation why phenomena exists

conceptual framework (qual)

person is registered patient

conceptual hospital stay

walk from place to place

conceptual definition of ambulation

taking 4 steps without assistance

operational definition of ambulation

set of interrelated concepts that serve purpose of explaining or predicting

theory (blueprint)

best guess or prediction about expectations of a relationship between 2 variables

hypothesis

true

is a variable a defined concept (true or false)

clarifies concept, identifies assumptions, specifies relationships, visually symbolic

function of a framework (4)

sum of days as registered patient (admission to dismissal)

operational hospital stay

disciplines, self-directed

what type of thinking does critical thinking involve

rational examination of ideas, inferences, assumptions, principles, arguments. involves disciplined, self directing thinking.

critical thinking

questioning appropriateness of the content, applying standards or criteria

critical thinker

who what where when why how

critical thinking questions (6)

engaging process where reader participates in the inner dialogue with the writer

critical reading

skim article, identify concepts, clarify unfamiliar terms

3 things to do to familiarize yourself with content of preliminary research

familiarize yourself with content

critical reading: preliminary

identify main themes, main steps of design, and clarify unfamiliar terms

3 things to do to familiarize yourself with comprehensive intent

understanding the researcher's intent

critical reading: comprehensive

assess the study's value, critically evaluate the validity and applicability

2 things to do when doing critical reading (analytical)

understand whole article, use own words, identify strengths and weaknesses

3 things to grasp with the synthesis portion of critical reading process

understanding parts of the study and developing critique

critical reading: analytical

understanding whole article and how it fits with knowledge

critical reading: synthesized

quantitive, qualitative, mixed methods, systematic review

4 types of research articles

it identifies gaps and inconsistencies, and whether all the concepts and variables are included in the review

2 criteria when assessing a literature review

systematic review of several randomized control trials (the strongest)

Leveled hierarchy of research methods: Level 1

well designed RCT

Leveled hierarchy of research methods: Level 2

quasi-experimental, controlled trial without randomization

Leveled hierarchy of research methods: Level 3

single non experimental study

Leveled hierarchy of research methods: Level 4

systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies

Leveled hierarchy of research methods: Level 5

single descriptive or qualitative study

Leveled hierarchy of research methods: Level 6

2

What level is the Jackson and Dennis study?

guidelines

all journals have BLANK for manuscript prep and submission, and are published by each journal

title, abstract, intro, literature review, methods, results, discussion, conclusions, references

9 components of a research report

describe contents, distinguish the paper, catch reader's attention, match search queries

4 things a title should do

presents a background of the area and its significance, review of literature and key concepts

Sections of Research article: Introduction

50-250

critiquing the abstract portion of a paper: what is the range of words?

structured and unstructured

2 types of abstracts

text without subheadings

unstructured abstract

accurate, self contained, concise, non-evaluative, coherent

qualities of a good abstract (5)

from an idea that can be studied, arises from practice, theory or gaps in literature

the research problem

present

what tense is the research problem written in

describing variables, specifying the population, examining testable relationships

3 things a research questions focuses on

end of intro or end of lit review, quick way to see if study is relevant

Sections of Research article: Purpose

identify gaps in knowledge

Sections of Research article: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework

embedded in intro or background, may report whether it was supported or not

Sections of Research article: Hypothesis or Research Question

Quantitative Research Study

hypothesis are stated or implied
terms controls and treatment group appear
terms survey, correlational or ex post facto appear
terms random or convenience is mentioned
variables are measured by instruments or scales
reliability and validity are discussed
stats is used