Personal Health: Block 4, Chapter 9: Cancers

Identify the detection methods of lung cancer

-Fiber-optic examination of the bronchial passages

-Analysis of cells in sputum

-Chest X-rays

A gene that increases the risk of cancer in a person who carries it is also known as a(n) _____

Oncogene

True or False: Twice-yearly mammograms are recommended for women over the age of 40

False

Match the types of viruses with their descriptions

-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): It is the cause of mononucleosis

-Hepatitis B Virus: It affects liver cells and may increase the risk of liver cancer

-Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus: It is related to leukemia

Rank the steps of metastasis in the correct order of occurrence. Place the first step at the top.

1. Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and blood vessels

2. Cancer cells are transported by the circulatory system to distant sites

3. Cancer cells reinvade and grow at new location

People who drink more than four drinks per day and smoke increase their risk of _____ cancer

Esophageal

Which of the following are symptoms of testicular cancer?

-Lump in testicle

-Testicular swelling

-Hardness of testicles

A substance found in pesticides that has been linked to lung, skin, and liver cancer is _____

Arsenic

Match the major types of skin cancer with their descriptions

-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Usually appears as flat, firm, pale areas of skin or as small, raised, pink or red shiny areas

-Squamous cell carcinoma: Appears as growing lumps with a rough surface or as flat, red patches that grow slowly

-Malignant melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer because it is fast growth and can metastasize quickly

Identify the true statements about lung cancer

-Lung cancer tumors can grow and spread without symptoms

-It is usually discovered late

Prolonged exposure to radon increases a person's risk for _____ cancer

Lung

Sarcomas are cancers that arise from which of the following tissues?

-Muscle

-Cartilage

-Bone

Herpes virus 2 is the most common form of _____ herpes

Genital

Although family history is always an important variable in the development of cancer, lung cancer is clearly more related to _____

Environmental exposure

Match the treatment options for breast cancer with their descriptions

-Lumpectomy: Refers to the removal of the growth

-Mastectomy: Refers to the removal of the affected breast

An X-ray examination of the breast tissue is called _____

Mammography

Abnormal cells are a result of _____ in healthy cells

Mutations

What are the common symptoms of prostate cancer?

-Pain in the lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs

-Weak or interrupted urine flow

A mass of cells with a solid center is called a _____, while a _____ is a mass of cells with a fluid center

-Tumor

-Cyst

Match the types of tumors with their descriptions

-A benign tumor: A growth of normal cells

-A malignant tumor: A growth of cancer cells

Which of the following are physical signs of breast cancer?

-Lumps

-Nipple discharge

-Tenderness

Symptoms of lung cancer typically present themselves when the cancer is in its _____ stages

Advanced

Which of the following are risk factors for prostate cancer?

-Age

-Ethnicity

The growth and spread of abnormal cells is called _____

Cancer

Pap smears are an important diagnostic tool to monitor the _____ cells in someone with herpes virus 2.

Cervical

True or False: Chemotherapy cannot be used to treat testicular cancer

False

During breast self-exams, women should lie on their backs and feel for any _____ in their breast tissue

Lumps

Abnormal _____ bleeding or discharge is a symptom associated with cervical cancer

Vaginal

Identify the most typical symptoms of colon cancer

-Cramping pain in the lower abdomen

-Rectal bleeding

Sulfur dioxide can cause cell mutations that contribute to the development of _____ cancer

Lung

A true statement about viruses is that they _____

Are microorganisms that use their host organisms' cellular materials to replicate themselves

Which of the following risk factors are associated with leukemia?

-Exposure to environmental toxins

-Exposure to radiation

-Exposure to viruses

The process by which a normal cell becomes abnormal is called _____

Mutation

True or False: The ultraviolet light emitted from tanning booths penetrates a person's skin and damages internal organs

True

Experts agree that early detection via which of the following leads to better outcomes for breast cancer survival?

-Yearly mammograms

-Visual self-examination

-Manual self-examination

Dysplasia refers to abnormal cells, yet does not signify the presence of _____ cells

Cancer

An abnormal cell that is not cancerous is called _____

Dysplasia

A person's risk of developing lung cancer is increased by the use of

Tobacco

To diagnose leukemia, which of the following tests are used?

-Bone marrow biopsy

-Blood tests

A Pap smear consists of a swab of _____ cells that are examined under a microscope

Cervical

The main risk for cervical cancer is infection with _____

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Which of the following are common symptoms of lung cancer?

-Respiratory infections

-Sputum streaked with blood

-Chest pain

Basal cell carcinoma describes a tumor that is made up of basal cells found in _____

Skin

The tumors that originate in the lymphatic tissue are called _____

Lymphomas

Match the tumors with the location in which they occur in the body

-Sarcomas: Bone, cartilage, or muscle

-Lymphomas: Lymphatic tissue

-Carcinomas: Epithelial tissue

Which of the following substances are considered carcinogenic?

-Wood dust

-Ultraviolet light

-Arsenic

Men between the ages of _____ should practice regular testicular self-examinations

20 and 40

Which of the following are methods for the treatment of lung cancer?

-Surgery

-Radiation

-Chemotherapy

True or False: A man's risk for testicular cancer increases with age

False

The genetic code that instructs cells how to grow and divide is called

DNA

The spread of cancer from the point of origin to another area is called _____

Metastasis

One of the early treatment options for prostate cancer involves the use of _____ to reduce the size of the tumor

Radioactive seeds

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

-A family history

-Postmenopausal hormone therapy and never bearing children

-Obesity after menopause

The higher the consumption of red meat, the greater the risk for _____ cancer

Colon

Radon is a gas that is found in _____ in parts of the United States

Geological pockets

Which of the following are major types of ultraviolet light?

-UV-A

-UV-B

-UV-C

Which type of meat is linked to an increased risk of colon cancer?

Beef

Occasional use of tanning beds _____ the risk for development of melanoma

Triples

Which of the following are symptoms of leukemia?

-Fever

-Paleness

-Fatigue

The threadlike bodies in a cell nucleus that contain molecules of DNA are called

Chromosomes

Which of the following normally divide and form the same tissue from which they came?

Cells

Leukemia can result when _____ cells mutate and become cancerous

Blood

The most common early detection measure used to determine the health of the cervical cells and the first indication of cancer is _____

The Pap test

True or False: Because the symptoms of leukemia are similar to those of other cancers, it is difficult to diagnose it

True

The main risk factor for malignant melanoma is exposure to _____

The sun

Which of the following are examples of carcinogens in the environment?

-Sulfur dioxide

-Vinyl chloride

-Ultraviolet light

-Asbestos

Who among the following is at higher risk for breast cancer than others?

Emily, who had a first child at age 42

Which of the following are ways you can protect yourself from skin cancer?

-Use broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen

-Have a skin exam each year

-Limit sun exposure between 10AM and 2PM

Lung cancer has a lower rate of survival than other cancers mostly because it is usually _____

Discovered late

Who among the following are at higher risk for cervical cancer than others?

-Women who have had multiple partners

-Women who had sexual intercourse at an early age

Identify a true statement about malignant melanomas

They appear as unusual moles

Combining cigarettes and alcohol increases the risk of cancer of the _____

Esophagus

What population is at the greatest risk of developing prostate cancer?

African-Americans

True or False: In acute leukemia, symptoms progress slowly

False

Who among the following is at higher risk for cervical cancer than others?

Serena, who is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV)

Which of the following statements regarding the link between DNA and cancer are correct?

-Specific gene mutations have been associated with cancer

-Certain genes may predispose some individuals to having cancer

There are both genetic and _____ components to cancer

Environmental

What age group of men is at the greatest risk of developing testicular cancer?

20-40

After what age should most women be given a yearly mammogram?

40

An early sign of breast cancer that might be found during self-examination is the presence of a _____

Lump

Testicular self-exams should be performed _____ by young men

Once a month

True or False: Caucasian males are the ethnic group at greatest risk for prostate cancer

False

A true statement about malignant melanomas is that they _____

Tend to have irregular borders and a wide variation in colors including yellow, green, and red tinges

Which of the following are part of the FDA's 2011 regulations regarding sunscreens?

-Sunscreen with SPF 2-14 must have a warning that it may not protect against cancer

-Broad-spectrum labeled sunscreens must protect from UV-A and UV-B

-The terms sunblock, sweatproof, and waterproof cannot be used on labels

People who use tanning beds are _____ times more likely to get squamous cell cancer than those who do not use tanning beds

2.5

Which type of light is emitted from tanning booths and increases the risk for melanoma?

UV-A

True or False: Radon is an underground gas that has no odor

True

Approximately _____ cases of testicular cancer are diagnosed annually

8,200

What type of cancer has the highest incidence in females?

Breast

Sulfur dioxide is a product of engine combustion and _____ pollution

Air

The third most common type of cancer is

Colon cancer

People who have a _____ level of exposure to carcinogens increase their risk of getting cancer

High

Early detection of malignant melanomas is done with _____ screening

ABCD

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men?

Prostate

True or False: Dysplasic cells can lead to cervical cancer if not treated

True

True or False: It is always essential to remove slow-growing prostate cancers if a man is quite old

False

Cells form tissues, tissues form _____, and these form _____ to make up the body

Organs; systems

Women with dysplasia are monitored more closely and have _____ more often

Pap smears

Human papillomavirus is a common cause of _____ cancer

Cervical

True or False: The Human Genome Project found that when people carry the gene for cancer they will develop it

False