ALL Treatment

Free association

a psychodynamic therapy technique where individuals express thoughts and ideas as they come to mind without censorship or self-criticism, to explore unconscious material.

dream interpretation

a psychodynamic therapy technique in which a person’s dreams are interpreted to uncover unconscious thoughts, desires, and conflicts, potentially leading to greater self-awareness and emotional growth

unconscious mind

a core concept in psychoanalysis, refers to the part of the psyche that operates below conscious awareness, containing thoughts, feelings, and memories that are not readily accessible, yet significantly influence behavior.

Person-centered therapy

a humanistic approach to psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that focuses on creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences and work towards self-actualization.

active listening

a core skill of person-centered therapy where the counselor fully engages with the client's verbal and non-verbal messages, showing empathy and understanding to foster trust and empower the client to explore their concerns

unconditional positive regard

a humanistic technique that involves showing complete support and acceptance of psychotherapy clients

psychoactive medication

substances that affect the brain and alter mental processes, such as mood, perception, consciousness, and behaviorused to treat a wide range of mental health conditions

antidepressants

medication used to treat depression that is often in the form of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which works by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and, therefore, increasing its effects.

antianxiety medicine

medication used to treat anxiety by mimicking GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve signals, leading to a calming effect.

antipsychotic medications

medication commonly used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, it works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain

tardive dyskinesia

a neurological condition characterized by involuntary, repetitive, and often bizarre movements; it is often a side-effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications that work by lowering dopamine

psychosurgery

a type of surgery used in rare cases to treat severe mental health problems, when all other treatments have failed

lobotomy

a form of psychosurgery that is no longer used

electroconvulsive therapy

a medical treatment that involves administering a brief electrical current to the brain to induce a seizure; typically used to treat severe cases of depression when other options have not worked

transcranial magnetic stimulation

a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate specific areas of the brain; typically used to treat severe cases of depression when other options have not worked

hypnotherapy

a therapeutic technique that helps a client reach a trance-like state of focus; critics question its effectiveness

deinstitutionalization

the release of individuals with mental disorders from hospitals for treatment within their home communities (This movement gained momentum with the development of better psychotropic drugs, allowing patients who were not considered a threat to themselves or others to be discharged.)

nonmaleficence

Psychologists must follow this ethical principle which emphasizes avoiding harm, and ensuring that practices do not cause unnecessary distress

fidelity

Psychologists must follow this ethical principle which emphasizes maintaining a trustworthy and professional relationship with the client.

integrity

Psychologists must follow this ethical principle which emphasizes honesty & accuracy in psychological work

confidentiality

Psychologists must follow this ethical principle which emphasizes

Psychotherapy

a treatment approach that involves talking with a trained therapist to address emotional, psychological, and behavioral issues

Applied behavior analysis

a behavioral therapy using principles of learning theory to increase positive behavior and decrease unwanted behavior. This is often used for children with autism.

Token economy

a behavior modification system where individuals earn tokens for engaging in desired behaviors, which they can then exchange for rewards or privileges. (A form of operant conditioning)

biofeedback

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension.

exposure therapy

a behavior therapy technique used to expose people to anxiety-provoking situations or stimuli

systematic desensitization

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. (It is a behavioral therapy that uses classical conditioning)

Fear hierarchies

a list of feared situations or objects ranked in order from least to most distressing that is used in both cognitive and behavioral therapy

aversion therapy

a type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea, flicking of a rubberband, etc.) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol, biting nails, etc.)

cognitive restructuring

helps individuals identify and change their maladaptive thinking (negative thought patterns & beliefs) and then replace them with more balanced, realistic perspective

cognitive triad

a framework that suggests depressed individuals develop and maintain negative thoughts about three key areas: themselves, the world, and the future. 

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

A type of cognitive-behavior therapy that focuses on developing skills to regulate emotions, improve interpersonal relationships, and reduce self-harm behaviors.

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A type of cognitive-behavior therapy that focuses on identifying and challenging irrational beliefs and thought patterns that contribute to emotional distress.

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Therapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative or unhelpful thought patterns, behaviors, and emotional responses. It is based on the idea that our thoughts influence our feelings, which influence our behaviors.

respect for people’s rights and dignity

psychologists must follow this ethical principle which emphasizes the need to uphold individuals' autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality