Chapter 4 Cell structure

Photosynthetic pigments in bacteria are located in the:

plasma membrane

The semifluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the:

cytoplasm

A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of tightly packaged chromosomal DNA with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a:

nucleus

The organelle that can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules is called the:

Golgi apparatus

Many antibiotics kill bacteria because they hinder translation by prokaryotic

ribosomes

The evolutionary process that created chloroplasts and mitochondria is:

endosymbiosis

Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments form the cell-supporting structure called the:

cytoskeleton

Integrins are glycoproteins that help link the cytoskeleton and the:

extracellular matrix

Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio:

decreases

Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are:

peroxisomes

A circular molecule of DNA devoid of any histone proteins describes the chromosomes of a (an):

bacteria

Who first described cells?

Hooke

The "X" shaped chromosome hereditary material can be packaged in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells. This organelle is the :

nucleus

The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of:

amino acids

Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to:

flagella

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a:

central vacuole

This cellular structure lacks a membrane:

nucleoid

Some of the functions of the eukaryotic organelles are performed in bacteria by the:

cell wall

The cytoplasmic space in the eukaryotic cells is occupied by many diverse membrane-bound structures with specific cellular functions called:

organelles

Ribosomes are made up of:

e. protein and RNA

The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized the surface of the rough ER is called the:

Golgi body

In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in:

energy release/capture

The major histocompatibility complex is important in a T-cell's ability to:

recognizes specific bacteria

Nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except:

DNA molecules only outward

The nucleolus is the site of:

ribosome assembly

Chromosomes can be condensed into compact structures, visible with the light microscope, but usually only:

during the cell division

A doctor diagnosis a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) a disorder in which there is an accumulation of long fatty acid chains accumulating in the cells of the central nervous system. The issues arise with malfunctions in enzymes associated with which organelle?

peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are examples of

microbodies

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain:

DNA

The organelle involved in the oxygen-requiring process by which the energy harvested from macromolecules is used to generate ATP is the:

mitochondria

The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called:

chlorophyll

The spreading of cancer cells, wound healing, and blood clotting all rely on the same type of cell movement called:

crawling

Plants, fungi and bacterial all have:

cell walls

Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein. After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image. Which microscope should you use?

confocal microscope

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, what cellular structures must you include?

ribosomes

When a vesicle moves along microtubules toward the center of the cell, the molecular motor(s) _____ are used?

. dynein

During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate?

protein synthesis

Based on the function of mitochondria, what substance is able to pass through the outer membrane of the mitochondria easily?

oxygen

When looking at plant and animal cells with an electron microscope, you notice that the plant cells have more Golgi membranes than the animal cells. This is most likely because unlike in animal cells, in plant cells the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of:

cell walls

Scientists believe that stimulating the growth of algae and other organisms can reduce carbon dioxide amounts in the atmosphere. Where is carbon dioxide consumed in a plant cell?

stroma in chloroplasts

Mitochondrial disorders can be caused by mutations in all of the following except:

cytoplasmic DNA

What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

mitochondria are oxidative metabolic bacteria derivatives and chloroplast are photosynthetic bacteria derivatives

as ATP moves from the matrix of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm how many membranes will it pass

2

Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells. What is a plausible explanation?

eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization

Matthew noticed that his house plants were wilting badly. Which cell structure had most likely contracted?

vacuole