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Describe the difference between a natural and manufactured structure
Natural structure are made without the help of an organism and manufactured structures are made by an organism
Describe the difference between a frame, shell, and mass structure
Frame structures use a skeleton to support it, Shell structures use a thin layer of material to provide support, Mass structure is materials piled up to provide strength
What are the weaknesses and strengths of mass, frame, and shell structures.
Mass-requires a lot of materials, very fatal if it crumbles, very expensive if its for a large space, must be carefully designed,
Frame-if not properly anchored to the ground frame structures fail
Shell-Tiny weakness’ cause building/whole structure to fail, Assembling shapes can be difficult, Flat materials are not easy to shape into a round shape
Why do we need a margin of safety?
We need it so that a building dosent collapse while people are in it and so that the structure dosent have a failure
What are Aesthetics
How nice or attractive a design is
Know the different types of rigid and mobile joints, welding, ties ,fasteners ,interlocking shapes , adhesives
Rigid- are solid non-movable joints between different materials
→Fasteners: Nails, Staples, Bolts, Screws
→Ties: String, Rope, Thread
→Interlocking Shapes
Define a force
Forces are a push or pull represented by newtons (n)
Know the difference between weight and mass
Weight depends on the gravitational pull and mass depends on how many particles are in the object it is measured in (kg)kilograms and (g) grams
How do forces act (force diagram) on an object in compression, tension, torsion, shear
Compression- When 2 ends of something are being pushed together
Tension-When its 2 ends are being pulled apart
Torsion-Twisting a material by turning its ends in opposite directions
Shear- Bend or tear a material by pressing different parts in opposite directions at the same time
What is deformation
When a structure loses its form
When you bend an object, what forces are acting on that object
Compression and tension
What forces are being applied when someone rips a piece of paper
Shear
What is it called when a failure occurs due to compression.
Compressive failure
What is compressional and tensile strength?
Compressional- The force the material can stand before losing its shape/breaking
Tensile-Measures the largest tension for the material that it can stand before breaking
What is it called when architects take the environment and nature into consideration
when building?
When an architect takes an environment into consideration it is called biophilic
What is insulation?
When you keep the hot/cold air in/out of a place
Know the difference between layered, composite, and raw materials.
Layered-When they layer similar materials on top of each other to make a cheap but sturdy material, distributes forces Ex. Ply wood
Composite-Made from many different materials to make it stronger
Raw- A material that dosen’t have to be changed
What is a load and what is the difference between live load and dead load?
Live-Non-permanent/changing force acting on a structure(wind, weight)
Dead-Permanent force acting on structure includes weight of the structure itself
What type of building would be best in an earthquake? Tall and skinny? Short and wide?
Short and wide because the taller it is the less stable it is and if its skinny then there wont be enough space
What is the strongest shape? Why?
Triangle because all of the sides are equal and the forces are evenly spread out between all the sides