Science - Structures and forces

Describe the difference between a natural and manufactured structure

Natural structure are made without the help of an organism and manufactured structures are made by an organism

Describe the difference between a frame, shell, and mass structure

Frame structures use a skeleton to support it, Shell structures use a thin layer of material to provide support, Mass structure is materials piled up to provide strength

What are the weaknesses and strengths of mass, frame, and shell structures.

Mass-requires a lot of materials, very fatal if it crumbles, very expensive if its for a large space, must be carefully designed,

Frame-if not properly anchored to the ground frame structures fail

Shell-Tiny weakness’ cause building/whole structure to fail, Assembling shapes can be difficult, Flat materials are not easy to shape into a round shape

Why do we need a margin of safety?

We need it so that a building dosent collapse while people are in it and so that the structure dosent have a failure

What are Aesthetics

How nice or attractive a design is

Know the different types of rigid and mobile joints, welding, ties ,fasteners ,interlocking shapes , adhesives

Rigid- are solid non-movable joints between different materials

→Fasteners: Nails, Staples, Bolts, Screws

→Ties: String, Rope, Thread

→Interlocking Shapes

Define a force

Forces are a push or pull represented by newtons (n)

Know the difference between weight and mass

Weight depends on the gravitational pull and mass depends on how many particles are in the object it is measured in (kg)kilograms and (g) grams

How do forces act (force diagram) on an object in compression, tension, torsion, shear

Compression- When 2 ends of something are being pushed together

Tension-When its 2 ends are being pulled apart

Torsion-Twisting a material by turning its ends in opposite directions

Shear- Bend or tear a material by pressing different parts in opposite directions at the same time

What is deformation

When a structure loses its form

When you bend an object, what forces are acting on that object

Compression and tension

What forces are being applied when someone rips a piece of paper

Shear

What is it called when a failure occurs due to compression.

Compressive failure

What is compressional and tensile strength?

Compressional- The force the material can stand before losing its shape/breaking

Tensile-Measures the largest tension for the material that it can stand before breaking

What is it called when architects take the environment and nature into consideration
when building?

When an architect takes an environment into consideration it is called biophilic

What is insulation?

When you keep the hot/cold air in/out of a place

Know the difference between layered, composite, and raw materials.

Layered-When they layer similar materials on top of each other to make a cheap but sturdy material, distributes forces Ex. Ply wood

Composite-Made from many different materials to make it stronger

Raw- A material that dosen’t have to be changed

What is a load and what is the difference between live load and dead load?

Live-Non-permanent/changing force acting on a structure(wind, weight)

Dead-Permanent force acting on structure includes weight of the structure itself

What type of building would be best in an earthquake? Tall and skinny? Short and wide?

Short and wide because the taller it is the less stable it is and if its skinny then there wont be enough space

What is the strongest shape? Why?

Triangle because all of the sides are equal and the forces are evenly spread out between all the sides