BIOL 241 - energy budgets

What are organisms similar energy demands

Growth, reproduction, homeostasis (thermoregulation), activity

Organisms range in size/mass across...

21 order of magnitude

What is the study of the effect of size/mass on anatomy/physiology called?

Scaling

Scaling relationships, parameters that scale with mass can be described with what function?

Power funciton: y=ax^b. y= anything, b= mass

When the power function y=ax^b is log transformed, the relationship is analogous to...

Analogous to the line equation: y = mx +b, the scaling exponent b is now the slope m of a straight line

Logarithmic transformations tells us

Log transforming the data helps compare variable over a wide over a wide range of values

What is isometry

both parameters remain proportional

What is positive allometry (hyperallometry)

As mass increases, the other parameter increases to a greater proportion

Negative allometry (hypoallometry)

As mass increases, the other parameter increases to a lesser proportion

Daily energy budget is..

energy in = energy out

Energy in is equal to..

Energy in = energy assimilation + energy excretion

What is energy assimilation?

The energy a organism used

What is energy assimilation equal to?

Energy assimilation = energy rmr + energy activity + energy production

What is energy rmr?

Energy of resting metabolic rate (when sleeping)

Energy excretion, does food quality affect retention time?

lower quality food, want to keep in stomach longer for energy. Higher quality food available, don't need to keep food in stomach for as long

The total energy input equation when Eassmiliation is broken down is?

Energy In = Energy RMR + Energy activity + Energy growth + Energy reproduction + Energy excretion

The energy required when resting = E RMR is defined as what?

• the minimal E required to keep an organism alive

• Homeostasis, thermoregulation, breathing, heart rate, digestion

E RMR is measured as...

[CO2] generated, [O2] consumed, amount of heat loss

What is the universal scaling relationship? (absolute)

metabolic rate increases with mass raised to the 3/4 power, 0.75 scaling relationship

Mass-specific relationships scaling exponent?

-0.25 is the universal mass-specific scaling exponent. Or if different, subtract 1 from the absolute scaling exponent to find the mass=specific scaling exponent.

What is energy production defined as?

• includes growth, repair, reproduction

• if you consume exact amount of E you need, this value will be 0 in a healthy adult organsism

If Eproduction is positive or negative what will happen to an organism?

-if positive, organism will grow/reproduce

-if negative, organism will lose mass

-if negative, organism will lose mass