Heimers History Unit 3 Flashcard set

What was the cause of the French and Indian War?

• : part of a larger conflict called the 7 years war. The conflict began on American soil as the Americans were not happy about the French on their land. Meanwhile, the French were not happy about the British approach on their land. 

What was the Albany Plan of Union and why was it important?

• made by Benjamin Franklin, wanted the colonies to have a more centralized government for themselves but for taxation reasons, this was denied. 

• This was an important proposal because it laid the groundwork for the American REvolution.

Who own the French and Indian War and what did the Treaty of Paris do?

• The French were ousted from North America, the Louisiana territory was given to spain. THe BRitish more than doubled their land holdings on the North American continent. 

What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

• Meant to ease tensions between colonists and nattives, it forbade colonists from taking land in the Ohio River valley, (west of Appalachian mountains). The colonists were not happy. 

What was salutory neglect?

Gave the colonists the sense that they were completely autonomous, (especially trade-wise), but since the British were in debt, salutary neglect ended, and the BRitish cracked the whip

What was the Quartering Act?

• Another thing the colonists were not happy about, as it meant the BRitish soldiers had the right to randomly stay in their house and the colonists had to serve them. Imperial troops would remain in the colonies to enforce laws. 

What was The Sugar Act?

• British laws that passed taxes on sugar, molasses wine, tea, and other luxury 

What was the Stamp Act?

• : Tax on all paper goods 

What was virutal representation?

• The idea that members of Parliament represented all classes of British parliaments. The colonists weren’t happy about this either. 

What did the Sons of Liberty and The Daughters of Liberty do?

• assembled in Pennsylvania at the Stamp Act Congress to petition the BRitish to get rid of the Stamp Tax.  TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION. Not an appeal for independence yet. Parliament actually listened 

What were the declaratory acts?

essentially gave the BRitish full control of legislation regarding the colonies

What were the townshed acts?

• : Tax on items imported to the colonies, and they were not happy. They all protested. They now decided to boycott BRitish goods, and they relied on women for this. Now they would spin their own cloth, and started making their own tea and items. 

What was the Boston Massacre?

• -A group of BRitish boys and men harassed BRitish troops. They insulted the soldiers and threw snowballs and scones at them. The first shot went off and colonists were injured and killed, and 6 out of 8 British soldiers were aquitted, further enraging the colonists. 

What was the Boston Tea Party?

• was a further protest of the BRitish not letting the colonists get tea from anyone else but the British. 

What legislation did the British pass as a result of the Boston Tea Party and what did the colonists call this legislation?

• As a result the eBritish passed the coercive acts and more quartering acts. They also closed down the Boston Tea harbor until all the tea was paid for. The colonists called the BRitish responses The INtolerable Acts. 

What was the goal of the Continental Congress in 1773?

• -Everyone agreed that they needed to resist BRitish tyranny, but didn't want to separate yet. 

• Guiding principles that influenced their thoughts: Enlightenment thought such as natural rights, social contract, separation of powers and republican form of government 

When did the Continental Congress decide they wanted indepdence?

1776:Continental Congress met up during the shootings in Lexington and Concord.

What was Common Sense by Thomas Paine and what did it achieve?

•  Pamphlet published by Thomas Paine, argued that the only way forward was through independence, and did this with Enlightenment principles and biblical allusions, and the majority of colonists wanted independence as they were inspired by this pamphlet. 

Who wrote the Declaration of Indepdencen and what influenced it?

• Thoams JEfferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and was VERY influenced BY THE ENLIGHTENMENT. 

• On July 2 1776 it was approved by the Continental Congress and on July 4th 1776 it was made public.

Who were loyalists?

• : Didn’t want to separate from Britain 

What did the Conteintnal congress do after the Declaration of Independence?

• approved the formation of the COntinental army and made Geroge wAshington as its general. They were a flop army at the start, but they won because the French helped them out in 1777 after the colonists won the Battle of Saratoga. Ben Franklin also used his diplomatic skills to get the French to help America. Laufeyette also helped them out a lot. 

Waht did the ARticles of COnfederation do?

• Before during and after the Revolution, states made their own revolution. Most of the power in the governments at that time came from the legislative branch,a dn the federal government had very little power. 

What did the Northwest Oridnance of 1787 do?

• Provided plans for how unframed territories could be occupied. IT also abolished slavery in the Northwest territories. 

What was Shays Rebellion?

Many farmers had fallen into debt while they were fighting in the war. Many of the farmers couldn’t pay their debts because of new taxes, and they petitioned to the federal government for relief, but they never got any relief. Dnaiel Shay then gathered a militia and a thousand other angry farmers and they were armed, but the local militia crushed them. 

What did Shays Rebellion reveal?

• displayed the weakness of Shays Rebellion as it showed the legislation couldn’t be implemented that well if the federal government wasn’t established, as it meant that if another rebellion broke out, then no president or federal army could help the states. 

What did the Constitutional Convention do in response to Shays Rebellion?

• As a result, the  Constitutional Convention was called. This led to a new Constitution. Two factions started: anti-federalists liked state power, and federalists wanted a stronger federal government. 

What was the Viriginia Plan?

wanted representation by population, and favored the big states

What was The New Jersey plan?

• which wanted equal representation regardless of population and favored small states. Out of this debate came The Great Compromise. 

What did The Great Compromise do?

• THe House of Representatives is a representation of states by population, while the Senate gives two votes for every state. 

What did the 3/5ths compromise do?

• Essentially said that slaves were 3/5th human. 

Who wrote the Federalist Papers and what did they achieve?

• Essays written by Federalists (Hamilton and Maidson) to persuade colonists about the federalist ideology. 

• The Federalists won because they agreed to the implementation of the Bill of Rights- the first 10 amendments of the Constitution MArch 1789- date of implementation of the Constitution. 

What did George Washington do when he became president?

•  he implemented the department of treasury, war, and two others to maintain order. HE appointed Alexander Amilton as the director o the treasury. 

What did Alexander Hamilton do when he became in charge of the treasury?

•  consolidated states debts that resulted from the American Revolution. He also proposed the creation fo the National Bank. 

What was the Elastic Clause?

•  A clause in the Constitution that allowed Congress to enact any legislation as long as it is appropriate-Hamilton used it to create a National Bank. 

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

• : Poor farmers rebelled against the Whiskey Acts by hurting tax collectors. These taxes were passed by federalists Hamilton and Washington. As a result of this rebellion, federal militias were sent over to crush the rebellion. 

What was Washington’s Farewell Address and what did he do that would set a precedent in the peaceful transfer of power?

• After two terms as president, Washington stepped down. He warned against he formation of political parties and disagreed with making permanent foreign alliances. 

What obstacles did Johan Adams face during his presidency?

• became president during a time of military conflict between Britain and France. He vowed to remain neutral during this conflict, but the French kept seizing American trade ships which forced America to negotiate with the French. Diplomats were sent to France, but the French diplomats (only indeitifed as X,Y, and Z) bribed the diplomats before they could even start negotiating. This became known as the X,Y, and Z affair, and horrified both federalists and anti-federalists. 

What did the Alien and Sedition Acts do?

• Thus, the Alien and Sedition Acts were implemented, which allowed for deportations of immigrants (Especially Scottish and Irish immigrants). Scottish and Irish immigrants opposed federalist sympathies with Britain, and thus were targeted by this legislation. It also made it illegal to criticize the government, which pissed of the anti-federalists. 

What did the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions do?

•  political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799 in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional, and that any legislation that was unconsitutional coul be nullified. 

What did the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act do?

this was the first law to regulate trade between Native Americans and colonists. Congress proclaimed its treaty-making policy and mandated that all interactions between Indians and non-Indians were under federal control.