CNS: BBB to Spinal Cord

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

a selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections

permissible substance for BBB

nutrients, oxygen, hormones and small molecules (such as glucose, water, and alcohol), and medications

BBB blocks

toxins, pathogens, large molecules (proteins & insulin)

gray matter (spinal cord)

Gray matter is made up of unmyelinated

interneurons; processing center

white matter of spinal cord

This area surrounds the gray matter. it is composed of myelinated axons and is the communications network.

Ganglia (ganglion)

clusters of cell bodies within the PNS

dorsal root ganglion

Spinal Nerves

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord; mostly responsible for mobility, internally and externally.

Dorsal roots/horns

which protrudes

to the back (dorsal).

Ventral roots/horns

which extends

towards the intestinal lining (ventral).

Cervical Nerves has how many pairs?

8 pairs

Cervical Nerves (I- IV)

Breathing

Cervical Nerve (II)

Head and Neck Movement

Cervical Nerve IV - VI

Shoulder Movement

Cervical Nerve VII - T I

Wrist and Elbow Movement

thoracic nerves has how many pairs?

12 pairs

C VII - Thoracic Nerve I

Hand and Finger Movement

T I - T XII

sympathetic tone, including temperature regulation

T II - T XII

Trunk Stability

T XI - Lumbar Nerve II

Ejaculation

lumbar nerves

5 pairs

L II

Hip motion

LIII

Knee Extension

L IV - Sacral Nerves I

Foot Motion

L V

Knee Flexion

Sacral Nerves

5 pairs

S II - S IV

Sexual Function

S II - S III

Bowel and Bladder Activity

Coccygeal Nerve

The single pair of coccygeal nerves is responsible

for innervating; also known as neuron supplying

Ascending Tracts

carry sensory information to the brain

Descending Tracts

carry motor information down the muscles