mini unit 2 nb 5 protestant reformation

like erasmus and more ___ began reading classical christian texts like _ _ _

 a monk named Martin Luther, st augustine and bible

Martin Luther was disturbed to find __ in bible and st augustine texts

none of the rituals, traditions, or authority of the Church was mentioned in either

After thoroughly reading scripture, Luther came the conclusion that only one thing was required to go to heaven

faith in Jesus alone

To Luther, the Bible justified ___ and what did he do

none of the rituals, traditions, deeds, or powers of the pope/Church, and wrote fiercely against the Church

on __ martin luther did what where

On October 31st, 1517, he nailed his 95 Theses (all the of the problems he had with the Church) to the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church

Luther’s 95 Theses, and following movements across Europe against the Church, are considered the start of the

Protestant Reformation

While Luther simply wanted ___, his ideas proved too ____ in the Catholic Church, and those who agreed with Luther were deemed ____

reform, divisive, heretics

The basis of Luther’s ideas were simple:

that all people should have and read the Bible, and interpret from it what they believe God wants

luther had background as a

merchant and lawyer

So to spread his ideas and his message, Luther depended heavily on the ____ and other ____ to ______

printing press and other church leaders to read and carry message on

who invented first printer in europe when and where

gutenburg, germany, 1460s

While only _____ the spread of the Bible and Luther’s readings were often _____ ultimately making him far more successful than his failed predecessors ____ and ____

a few people at this time were literate, read and shared with entire towns, John Wycliffe in England and Jan Hus in Bohemia

printing press also contributed to the development of

common vernacular language and grammar which, eventually, helped develop national identities in the Modern Era

luthers ideas developed into ___ in ___ and ___

lutheranism in german and scandinavian areas

what 4 countries followed another brand

netherlands, france, switzerland, scotland

calvinism was started by

john calvin and ulrich zwingli

how were calvinists and lutherans similar

they were against Church traditions, and supported salvation by faith alone

what did lutherans and calvinists disagree on

predestination and communion

calvinists believed

everyone is predestined to go to heaven or hell, and can do nothing to change their fate

For communion, Calvinists believe ___ and lutherans believe ___

Calvinism: the bread and wine represented Jesus’  body

Lutherans: it is the actual blood and body of Jesus

Luther expected those that read the Bible would agree with his ideas, however, it soon became clear that

others disagreed with some of his interpretations

Besides Calvin and Zwingli, other, more ___ groups began to ____ , such as ____

radical, read and interpret the Bible, anabaptists

Upon reading scripture for themselves, anabaptists believed that in order to go to heaven,

an adult must choose to be baptized

Additionally, Anabaptists often _____ when the Catholic or Protestant state rulers attempted to ___

violently defended their ideas, limit or censor their beliefs and practices

As a result, both Catholic and Protestant leaders considered anabaptists ‘___’ and often ___

radical, killed, tortured, imprisoned, or chased Anabaptists out of their towns

larger and more violent movement began as a result of people reading scripture:

German Peasant Revolts

The Bible is filled with passages about being

kind, helping the needy, not being greedy, and about rulers being kind and benevolent

Peasants, however, were ____ , and their rulers lived _____ lives

overtaxed, overworked. luxurious

To the peasants, Christians should be a

harmonious society with kind rulers who don’t overtax or overwork their subjects

As a result, in ____, hundreds of towns rose up against their ___,

1524, lords and rulers, killing and murdering thousands in a rampage that took over two years to quell

While the issues themselves were not religious, it was _____ and their _____ that caused revolt

Luther’s ideas about Christianity and interpretations of the Bible

many peasant rebellions would emerge during the ____ as nobles ____

Early Modern Era, increasingly attempted to extract heavier tax duties from peasants