Unit 6 AP review

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20 Terms

1

Men's Burden

A concept suggesting that it is the duty of men (specifically Western men) to help 'civilize' non-European societies.

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2

Social Darwinism

An ideology applying the concept of natural selection to human societies, often used to justify imperialism and racial superiority.

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3

Phrenology

A pseudoscience that claimed skull shape could determine character traits and intelligence, used to justify racial hierarchies.

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4

Civilizing Mission

The justification for imperialism that posited Western societies had the responsibility to 'civilize' non-European populations.

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5

Scramble for Africa

The rapid invasion, occupation, and colonization of African territory by European powers during the late 19th century.

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6

Berlin Conference

A meeting held in 1884-1885 to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa, leading to the partition of the continent.

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7

Monolithic

The idea that a group is seen as uniform or indivisible, which oversimplifies the diverse cultures and languages within a group.

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8

Gunboat Diplomacy

The use of naval power to coerce a nation into complying with demands, exemplifying imperialistic practices.

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9

Metropole

A term used to refer to the central or dominant cities of an empire, particularly in relation to its colonies.

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10

Colonial Economy

An economic system established in colonies where local markets are dominated by foreign powers, often leading to exploitation.

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11

Ethiopia vs. Italy

A significant instance of successful resistance against imperialism, where Ethiopia defeated Italy in the Battle of Adwa in 1896.

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12

Cash Crops

Crops produced for commercial value rather than for use by the grower, often linked to colonial agricultural practices.

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13

Native Resistance

Efforts by indigenous populations to resist colonial powers and protect their cultures and lands.

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14

Elites in Colonial Society

Local leaders or members of the indigenous population who benefited from colonialism, often at the expense of the broader community.

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15

Economic Motives of Imperialism

The desire for new sources of raw materials and new markets for finished goods that drove European nations to imperialize large parts of the world.

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16

British Raj

The British rule in India from 1858 to 1947, considered the 'crown jewel' of the British Empire due to its resources and market potential.

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17

Free Trade

A policy allowing unrestricted import and export between countries, often exploited by imperial powers to maximize profits at the cost of local economies.

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18

Resistance to Imperialism

The various movements and actions taken by colonized populations to oppose and fight against imperial rule and oppression.

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19

Indochina

A region in Southeast Asia that includes countries such as Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, which were subject to French colonial rule.

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20

Opium Wars

Conflicts between China and Britain (1839-1860) primarily over trade imbalances due to opium sales, leading to significant territorial and economic concessions from China.

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