Carbohydrates - BIO210
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15 Terms
Chirality
sp3 hybridized carbon
has 4 unique groups
has a non-superimposable mirror image
Hexose
a sugar with six carbons
Pentose
a sugar with five carbons
Aldose
means the sugar has an aldehyde group
aldehyde: COOH on top of carbon chain
Ketose
means the sugar has a ketone group
ketone: COOH in middle of carbon chain
Monosaccharide
simple sugars; single monomer/unit of carbohydrates
Disaccharide
two sugar monomers joined by a glycosidic bond (dehydration reaction)
Polysaccharide
long chain of joined monosaccharides
alpha (a) linkage
formed when the OH on C1 of the first glucose is pointing down
beta (B) linkage
formed when the OH on C1 of the first glucose is pointing up
What determines if a carb is D or L oriented?
The chirality of Carbon 5
What are the three Polysaccharides?
starch, cellulose, glycogen
Starch
few branches
mostly found in plants
joined by a1 → 4 linkages
Cellulose
no branches
found in plant cell walls
joined by B1 → 4 linkages
Glycogen
some branches joined by a1 → 6 link
animals storage form of glucose
joined by a1 → 4 linkages