Ch 5 Inventory List

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Organic Chemistry lecture notes.

Aromatic Compounds

Compounds with special stability due to delocalized electrons in a cyclic structure.

Aromatic Ring

A stable, planar ring structure with delocalized π electrons.

Benzene

The simplest aromatic compound (C6H6), a six-carbon ring with delocalized electrons.

Delocalized Electrons

Electrons spread evenly across several atoms instead of being localized in one bond.

Planar

Flat structure; all atoms lie in the same plane.

Parent Chain

The longest continuous chain of carbons chosen for naming.

Substituent

An atom or group attached to the parent chain.

Alkyl Group

A substituent formed by removing one H from an alkane (e.g., -CH3 = methyl).

Generic Name

The non-branded, standard name of a drug (e.g., ibuprofen).

Pharmaceuticals

Chemical substances used as medicines to treat, prevent, or manage disease.

Isomers

Compounds with the same formula but different structures or arrangements.

Straight-chain Alkane

Alkane with all carbons in a continuous, unbranched chain.

Branched-chain Alkane

Alkane with one or more carbon side groups attached to the main chain.

Cycloalkane

Saturated hydrocarbon with carbon atoms arranged in a ring.

Condensed Structure

A way to write molecules without showing all bonds (e.g., CH3CH2CH3).

Branches

Carbon side chains attached to the parent chain.

Skeletal Line Structure

A shorthand drawing where lines represent carbon-carbon bonds, and hydrogens are implied.

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

Alkynes

Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.

Organic Compounds

Molecules containing carbon, usually bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or halogens.

Single Bond

Two atoms sharing one pair of electrons.

Double Bond

Two atoms sharing two pairs of electrons. Rigid, prevents free rotation.

Triple Bond

Two atoms sharing three pairs of electrons.

Hydrocarbon

A compound made only of carbon and hydrogen.

Boiling Point

Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas.

Hydrophobic

"Water-fearing"; does not mix or dissolve in water (nonpolar).

Lipid

A hydrophobic biological molecule, such as fats, oils, or steroids.

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons with only single bonds (saturated).

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms (no double/triple bonds).

Conformations

Different 3D shapes of the same molecule caused by rotation around single bonds.

Structural Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity.

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds (fewer hydrogens than possible).

IUPAC

International naming system for chemicals.

Geometric Isomers

Same formula and connectivity, but different 3D arrangement around a double bond or ring.

Cis Isomer

Substituents on the same side of a double bond/ring.

Trans Isomer

Substituents on opposite sides of a double bond/ring.

Unsaturated Fats

Lipids with double bonds in fatty acid chains (liquid at room temp, e.g., oils).

Saturated Fats

Lipids with only single bonds in fatty acid chains (solid at room temp, e.g., butter).