Developmental Psychology Overview

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to developmental psychology, including parenting styles, stages of development, and cognitive theories.

Authoritarian Parenting

A style characterized by strict rules and less explanation.

Permissive Parenting

A style with few rules and high responsiveness from the caregiver.

Uninvolved Parenting

A parenting style that is indifferent and detached.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's stage during infancy where trust is established in caregivers.

Autonomy vs. Shame

Erikson's stage during toddlerhood focused on developing independence.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's stage during preschool age where initiative and guilt are explored.

Gender Roles

Cultural expectations for male and female behavior.

Gender Identity

Self-identification as male, female, or nonbinary, typically established by preschool age.

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget's first stage (0-2 years) where knowledge develops through sensory experiences.

Preoperational Stage

Piaget's second stage (2-7 years) featuring development of language and egocentric thinking.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

The gap between what a child can do alone and with guidance.

Language Skills

Develops and expands during early childhood, along with basic numeracy.

Theory of Mind

The ability to recognize that others have different thoughts and beliefs, develops around age 4-5.

Solitary Play

Playing alone without interaction.

Parallel Play

Playing alongside others without direct interaction.

Cooperative Play

Playing together involving sharing and coordinated activities.

Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget's stage (ages 7-12) characterized by logical operations applied to concrete problems.

Preconventional Morality

Kohlberg's first level of moral development focused on rewards and punishments.

Conventional Morality

Kohlberg's second level where moral decisions are based on societal norms.

Postconventional Morality

Kohlberg's highest level, invoking universal moral principles beyond societal rules.

Puberty

The stage of development where reproductive capability begins, marked by growth spurts and secondary sex characteristics.

Formal Operational Stage

Piaget's final stage where adolescents can think abstractly and hypothetically.