Key Events and Figures of the French Revolution and Beyond

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51 Terms

1

King Louis XVI

King of France during the French Revolution.

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2

Marie Antoinette

Queen married to King Louis XVI, infamous for her lavish spending.

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3

Estates-General

The French representative assembly before the revolution.

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4

1789

The year the French Revolution began.

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5

Tennis Court Oath

The pledge made by the National Assembly to draft a new constitution.

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6

Bastille

The prison stormed on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the start of the French Revolution.

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7

Lafayette

Leader of the French National Guard who played a role in both the American and French Revolutions.

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8

Jurists

Legal professionals.

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9

Non-jurists

Individuals without formal legal training.

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10

Levee en Masse

The mass military conscription introduced during the French Revolution.

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11

The Guillotine

Execution device that became a symbol of the French Revolution.

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12

Cult of the Supreme Being

The deistic religious movement introduced by Robespierre.

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13

Maximilien Robespierre

Leader of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.

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14

The Consulate

The governing body established after the fall of the Directory in 1799.

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15

Concordat of 1801

Agreement made by Napoleon with the Catholic Church in 1801.

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16

Code Napoleon

Legal system established by Napoleon that influenced many modern legal codes.

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17

Haitian Revolt

The slave uprising that led to Haiti's independence.

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18

Toussaint Louverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution.

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19

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Declared Haiti's independence and became its first ruler.

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20

Napoleonic Wars

Series of wars fought by Napoleon across Europe.

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21

Battle of Trafalgar

The 1805 naval battle that ended Napoleon's hopes of invading Britain.

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22

Battle of Austerlitz

The 1805 battle considered one of Napoleon's greatest victories.

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23

Battle of Jena-Auerstedt

The 1806 battle where Napoleon defeated Prussia.

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24

Peninsular Campaign

The French campaign against Spain and Portugal.

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25

Sir Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington)

British general who fought Napoleon in Spain and at Waterloo.

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26

Continental System

Economic blockade established by Napoleon to weaken Britain.

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27

Battle of Leipzig

The 1813 battle that marked Napoleon's decisive defeat by the Allies.

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28

Congress of Vienna

The 1815 diplomatic meeting that reshaped Europe after Napoleon.

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29

Louis XVIII

Restored to the French throne after Napoleon's first exile.

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30

Klemens von Metternich

Austrian diplomat who played a key role in the Congress of Vienna.

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31

Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon's final battle in 1815.

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32

Industrial Revolution

Movement that led to the expansion of factories and machines in the 19th century.

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33

Social consequences of Industrialization

Term referring to the social impact of industrialization on workers and families.

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34

Consumer Revolution

Economic shift that led to increased demand for goods and services.

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35

Textile mills

Industry that was at the heart of the early Industrial Revolution.

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36

Karl Marx

Co-authored The Communist Manifesto and criticized capitalism.

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37

Friedrich Engels

Marx's collaborator and co-author of The Communist Manifesto.

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38

Proletariat

Term that describes the working-class under Marxist theory.

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39

Bourgeoisie

Term that describes the wealthy capitalist class under Marxist theory.

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40

Middle Class

Social class that emerged between the wealthy and working classes during industrialization.

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41

Conservatism

Ideology that emphasized tradition, monarchy, and social hierarchy.

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42

Liberalism

Ideology that supported individual rights and constitutional government.

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43

Republicanism

Ideology that advocated for government by the people without a monarch.

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44

Socialism

Ideology that promoted collective ownership and economic equality.

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45

Nationalism

Ideology that sought national unity based on culture, language, or ethnicity.

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46

Communism

Ideology that aimed for a classless, stateless society.

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47

Romanticism

Cultural movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism.

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48

Mary Wollstonecraft

Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

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49

Mary Shelley

Wrote Frankenstein and was influenced by Romantic ideals.

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50

Lord Byron

Poet known for his adventurous and rebellious lifestyle.

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51

John Constable

19th-century British artist who painted landscapes influenced by Romanticism.

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