PHOTOSYNTHESIS QUIZ

Cellular respiration

process that takes place in the mitochondria and breaks down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP. uses up chemical energy

Chloroplast structure

Outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoids stacked in grana (granum)

Cellular respiration

process that takes place in the mitochondria and breaks down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP. uses up chemical energy

Chloroplast structure

Outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoids stacked in grana (granum)

lumen

space inside the thylakoid

matrix

space in between mitochondria membranes

autotroph

plants that produce their own food using CO2, energy from light, or inorganic chemical reactions

NADPH

Is an ELECTRON DONOR, provides REDUCING power for anabolic reactions and redox balance

ATP

transfers energy cells

metabolism

sum of all processes in a cell; has both anabolic and catabolic reactions. These reactions need activation energy, and catalysts+enzymes help lower activation energy so reactions start easier.

anabolic reaction

create bigger molecules from smaller subunits

catabolic

breaks down molecules into smaller pieces

enzymes

enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions

pigment

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. They either absorb or reflect wavelengths

note;

• absorption spectrum; amount of each wavelength absorbed

• action spectrum; effectiveness of a wavelength

limiting factors of photosynthesis

light, temperature, carbon dioxide

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note; temp increases rate of ps UNTIL it reaches 40 degrees. The enzymes are sensitive and destroyed under high temp.

oxidation (LEO)

LOSES ELECTRONS OXIDATION (LEO), energy is lost

reduction (GER)

GAINS ELECTRONS REDUCTION, energy is gained. Happens at the same time as oxidation.

when and where do light-dependent reactions occur?

During the day, in the thylakoids

photolysis

when molecules are broken down into smaller units thru light absorption

what doe light dependent reactions make?

ATP and NADPH

photosystems

main purpose to absorb n transfer light energy (transfers electrons)

• found in thylakoid membranes

• depends on pigments inside the thylakoid

• there is 2; Photosystem I, photosystem II.

• photosystem II happens before photosystem I

• they act like “light gathering antenna”

photosynthesis

light energy converted to chemical energy (glucose)

mitochondria

the site of CR. Has 2 membranes, the space between them is called the matrix. The matrix chemicals+proteins that break down carbs to ATP

ATP

adenosine triphosphate. ATP stores energy for reactions when energy is needed by the cell.

when n where do LIR (light independent reactions) occur

• happens at anytime, after NADPH + ATP is created. Then, the calvin-benson cycle takes place.

• Occurs in the stroma.

stroma

yellowish liquid that contains chemicals + proteins for PS (photosynthesis)

Calvin-Benson Cycle

each turn of calvin cycle “fixes” carbon,

• 3 turns makes PGAL/G3P, fixing 3 CO2’s

• 6 turns makes 1 glucose

what do LIR’s make?

1. carbon is fixed to a molecule

2. glucose is formed

REDOX

1. e-’s are lost and gained in the form of hydrogen

2. water DONATES e-’s n is oxidized. WATER SPLITS AND OXYGEN IS PRODUCED

3. carbon accepts e-’s n REDUCES to form sugar

GLUCOSE REACTION

C6H12O6

PGAL/G3P

this is the sugar product of the calvin cycle. IT IS NOT PROPER SUGAR. \* it has 3 carbon sugar \*

metabolic pathways

anabolic reaction and catabolic reaction

rubisco

enzyme in chloroplast, fixes atmospheric CO2 during photosynthesis and calvin cycle