1. Atomic Theory

What does Dalton’s model say all matter is made of?

Atoms

What 3 things does Dalton’s Model say that atoms are?

Indivisible

indestructible

Identical in mass and properties

What does Dalton’s model say that compounds are formed by?

A combination of 2 or more different kinds of atoms

What does Dalton’s Model say a chemical reaction is?

A rearrangement of atoms

What does the Thomson’s Model say atoms are?

Uniform spheres of positively charged matter in which electrons are embedded

What does Rutherford’s Model say about the size of negatively charged electrons?

They’re small

What does the Rutherford’s Model and Bohr’s Model say that negatively charged electrons do?

Orbit around the nucleus

Where does Bohr’s Model say that the lowest energy is found?

In the smallest orbit

What does Bohr’s Model say the energy of the orbit is related to?

Its size

When does Bohr’s Model say radiation is absorbed or emitted?

When an electron moves from one orbit to another

What is the wavelength of a moving body inversely proportional to?

Its momentum

How do you calculate momentum?

Mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)

What is the motion of large bodies better described by?

Classical mechanics

What is the motion of particles better described by?

Quantum mechanics

Long wavelength has?

Small frequency and energy

Short wavelength has?

High frequency and energy

What is the principle quantum number(n)?

Number of period or row of the periodic table

What is the angular quantum number(l)?

(n - 1) e.g.

if n=2

l=1

What is the magnetic quantum number(ml)?

if l=1

ml = -1,0,1

What is ms spin quantum number?

either -1/2 or +1/2 doesn’t matter

What does the quantum number n determine?

Size

What does the quantum number l determine?

Shape

What does the quantum number ml determine?

Orientation

What is shape of 1s orbital?

no nodes

What is shape of 2s orbital?

1 node

What is shape of 3s orbital?

2 nodes

What is the shape of 2p orbitals?

Dumbell with an angular node passing through the nucleus

What is the shape of 3d orbitals?

Four leaf clover shaped with 2 nodes passing through the nucleus

What is the shape of f orbitals?

3 nodes that pass through the nucleus

What is the order of electron configuration?

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 4p6

What are ions with unpaired electrons?

Paramagnetic

What are ions without unpaired electrons?

Diamagnetic