Capacitation, Acrosome Reaction, and Fertilization

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14 Terms

1
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Capacitation

“undressing the sperm”; sperm becomes competent to undergo acrosome reaction

2
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Post-Capacitation Frequence

  1. Hyperactive Motility

  2. Binding to Zona Pellucida

  3. Acrosomal Reaction

  4. Penetration of zona pellucida

  5. Sperm-oocyte membrane fusion

  6. Sperm engulfed (oocyte activation & formation of female pronucleus)

  7. Decondensation of sperm nucleus

  8. Formation of male pronucleus 

3
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What are the 3 glycoproteins the zona pellucida is made of?

  1. ZP-1

  2. ZP-2

  3. ZP-3

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What induces the acrosome reaction?

binding the sperm receptor to ZP3 in the zona pellucida.

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What are the steps of the acrosome reaction?

  1. Sperm receptor binds to ZP3

  2. Fusion of plasma and outer acrosomal membrane.

  3. Vesiculation occurs.

  4. Acrosin is released and penetration is permitted

  5. Acrosome swells and is lost during penetration

6
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What are the steps that allow sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida?

  1. Sperm experience capacitation and then become loosely attached to the zona pellucida. 

  2. Sperm receptor binds to ZP3 protein and induces the acrosome reaction. 

  3. ZP2 protein anchors the sperm in place as it “drills” and pushes through the zona pellucida. 

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What is the enzyme that allows for penetration to the zona pellucida?

Acrosin

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How does the sperm help the oocyte to complete meiosis?

Calcium Oscillations

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Polyspermy 

when an egg is fertilized by more than one sper

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What are the two goals of sperm-induced calcium oscillations?

  1. Exit meiotic arrest 

  2. Prevent Polyspermy (Zona Block)

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How do sperm trigger the calcium oscillations in the oocyste?

they release a protein called PLCz which encourages the oocyte to produce calcium

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What are the steps for forming the Zona Block?

  1. Calcium oscillations

  2. Cortical Granules migrate to the edge of the zona pellucida

  3. Cortical Granule contents are released which “harden” the zona pellucida.

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Syngamy 

fusion of male and female pronuclei 

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Zygote

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of male and female pronuclei