CPI - SULFONATION

In Sulfonating, which acid group is used?

\-SO2-OH

Introduction of -SO2CL, Which type of Sulfonation is it?

Sulfochlorination

Sulfation involves placement of which group on carbon atom?

\-OSO2OH

\
Sulfation involves placement of the -OS020H group on carbon, yielding an acid sulphate (ROS020H), or of the -S04– group between two carbons, forming the sulphate ROS020R.

Sulfonates are classified into four main chemical types. (TRUE/FALSE)

(1) aliphatic and alicyclic, (2) aromatic, (3) heterocyclic, and (4) N-sulfonates or sulfamates. The first three types have the -S020H group on carbon

What is meant by Condensation procedure in Sulfonation?

Reaction of Organic sulfonates

Sulfonating and sulphating agents can be divided into two parts.

TRUE. -inorganic and organic

For what production are Sulfonates and Sulphates used?

The major quantity of sulfonates and sulfates is both marketed and used in salt form, the category includes **detergents, emulsifying, de emulsifying, penetrating, wetting and solubilizing agents, lubricant additives, and rust inhibitors.**

What does Polymeric sulfates include?

Ion-exchange resins

What is used for the preparation of Sulphonamides?

Aromatic sulfonate

Which of the following is not a Sulphur trioxide compound? \n a) Oleum \n b) Sulfamic acid \n c) Sulphurous acid \n d) Chloro sulfonic acid

The compound sulphurous acid is not a trioxide compound because it contains two oxygen compound whereas the other compounds have 3 oxygen atoms.

Sulphur trioxide does not polymerizes easily at room temperature. (TRUE/FALSE)

Sulphur trioxide polymerizes easily in a variety of ways at room temperature. The simplest polymer is the trimer (I), or y (gamma ) form.

What is the boiling point of sulphur trioxide?

44\.8 CELSIUS

What happens to the stability of hydrates of SO3, with increase in temperature?

DECREASES

What is the other name of series of solutions of S03 in water?

The terms “Sulfuric acid” and “Oleum” are the generic names of a series of solutions of S03 in water.

Which is the most widely used Sulfonating agent in Industries?

OLEUM

How to choose a Sulfonating reagent?

a) Minimize side reactions \n b) Physical conditions \n c) Compound being sulfonated

What are Surfactants or Surface Active Agents

reduce surface tension and exhibit a tendency to form micelles in solvents

A type of surfactant that is a composed of potassium or sodium salts of a **carboxylic acid having a long aliphatic chain** attached to it

SOAPS

Prepared via the saponification of fats and oils

SOAPS

A type of surfactant that is a composed of potassium or sodium salts of a **long alkyl chain ending with a sulfonate group**

DETERGENTS

Are not effective in hard water and saline water

SOAPS

Effective in hard water and saline water

DETERGENTS. This solubility is attributed to the fact that the sulfonate group does not attach itself to the ions present in hard water

They are derived from natural sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats.

SOAPS

Derived synthetically

DETERGENTS

involves heating oils and fats reacting them with a liquid alkali to produce soap plus water plus glycerine.

Saponification

an anionic surfactant, whose molecules are characterized by a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic groupThis nonvolatile chemical compound is synthesized through the process of sulfonation.

LABSA (Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid)

Surfactants can be classified into four categories, according to ______

hydrophilic moiety

Extremely effective, but can be harsh

Lathers well, makes a lot of foam

ANIONIC

Positive charge. Extremely HARSH in detergents

CATIONIC

Both + and - charge. Milder and less irritating. Foams less.

AMPHOTERIC

No charge. SUPER HARSH in detergents. Mostly used in emulsifiers.

NON-AMPHOTERIC