The Cold war

Where was Korea divided after WWII(Korean war)?

Along the 38th parallel

What sides of korea were democratic and communist?

Communist North

Democratic South

When did the north Korea invade the south?

1950

Who was north korea backed by in the korean war?

Soviet Union and China

Who was south korea backed by in the korean war?

Canada and the US

How many soldiers to canada and the US send to south korea to help in the korean war?

Americans put in 6.8 million soldiers

Canada sent 26,000 soldiers (500 casualties)

What years did the Korean war span from?

1950-1953

Where did the Korean war end?

The war stops where it started

After the Korean war, which country is Canada most closely aligned with?

The United States

What was made Canada and the US more closely aligned than canada is with britain?

The Korean War

What was the Korean war known as?

“The forgotten war”

What is the Suez crisis?

• In 1948, the newly developed state of Israel caused tension in the Middle East

• In 1956, Britain called up Israel and asked them for a favour after giving them the land

• Britain wants Israel to invade Egypt

• In 1956, Britain influenced Israel to invade Egypt

• Britain wants control of the Suez Canal

Who was the Canadian Minister of External Affairs?

Lester B. Pierson - CMEA

What did Lester B. Pierson propose to the UN during the Suez Crisis

• Goes to the UN and proposes that soldiers come to the UN and become UN soldiers (Peacekeepers)

• Not there to fight, but to break up a fight

What did Lester B. Pierson win a Nobel Peace Prize for? (+what year)

In 1957, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for coming up with peacekeepers

Who was Joe McCarthy?

1950 US senator, led a congressional committee charged with investigating (un-American activities, aka Communist sympathies)

What did Joe McCarthy do?

They can bring any citizen (called before a congressional committee) and bring them and ask them questions and they can be sent to prison, forced outta the country, blacklisted, fired 

• In the 1950s, widespread paranoia about communism 

• It also created a communist witch hunt

• The target was people in the spotlight, celebrities, journalists, people in unions, etc…

Who was Igor Gouzenko? (+when did he come)

Russian spy (came to Canada in 1943, Stalin was still our ally.. Bro sent a spy.)

What did Igor Gouzenko realize? (+when)

In 1945, he realizes he likes being Canadian (in 1945 he defects and tells the Canadian government he is a spy, he betrays Stalin, he tells the Canadian government who else is stealing from their country (19 Canadians were selling off their country)

What did Igor Gouzenko change his identity to?

He changes his identity to George Brown so Stalin couldn’t kill him/find him

• He is known as “the man in the mask” because he still can’t show his face (in case the next soviet leader gets him)

What was the Avro Arrow?

Military defense jet

When and where was the Avro Arrow built?

in the 1950s in Canada

What type of jet was the Avro Arrow?

Supersonic interceptor

Who shut down the Avro Arrow program? (+when)

John Diefenbaker cancelled it in 1959

What was the Avro Arrow program shut down in favour of?

Bomarc missiles

How many Canadians lost their jobs when the Avro Arrow program was shut down?

Over 14,500 Canadians (1959)

Who lost their jobs when the Avro Arrow program was shut down?

• Smartest people in Canada lose their jobs

• Smartest mathematicians, physicists, scientists

Where do the people who lost their jobs when the Avro Arrow program was shut down go? (+what many of them work on)

• They all go to the US and join NASA 

• A lot of them end up working on the Apollo program (Neil Armstrong goes to the moon)

What was it called when scientists left Canada after the Avro arrow program was shut down?

“The brain drain”

What was sputnik? (+when)

in 1957, The Soviet Union sends a satellite that orbits the planet

Who was Yuri Gagrian? (+when)

In 1961, the BIG breakthrough, the Soviet Union sent Yuri Gagarin (astronato, or casonato)

• He came back from space!! The first time a HUMAN has left planet Earth

When was the Cuban missile crisis?

1959

Who took control of Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis?

Fidel Castro

What does America do to Cuba during the cuban missile crisis?

starts isolating Cuba (other countries can't talk to Cuba)

What country sends money to cuba + what do they want to do?

• The Soviet Union in pumps money and helps its infrastructure

• The Soviet Union wants to set up nuclear bombs(secretly bring them in) in Cuba to bomb America

What is an embargo?

physically surrounding a nation

When did the US set up an embargo around cuba?

1962

When was the closest the world came to nuclear annihilation?

“13 days” (November 1962) (cuban missile crisis)

Who were the leaders during the cuban missile crisis + what did they comprimise?

Leader of the US: John F. Kennedy

Leader of the Soviet Union: Nikita Khrushchev 

• Negotiated a compromise 

• The Soviet Union takes nuclear warheads out of Cuba

• America will leave Cuba alone

When did America enter the vietnam war?

1965 (VW)

Who was the leader of the north in the vietnam war?

Ho Chi Minh

How many Americans were fighting in the north of Vietnam (+when)

By 1968, there were 500,000 Americans fighting against the North

What was the draft + when was it introduced?

The vietnam war

• forcing people into the army

• Rich white men didn't fight

• Young, impoverished black men 

• Social conflict in America (protests/rebellions)

What were draft dodgers

People drafted into the US army but didn't want to fight - they ran away to Canada

What marked the end of the Vietnam war? (+when)

1975 - The fall of Saigon

How did the vietnam war end? (what did it become)

Country becomes a unified communist nation

What was suburbia?

• Planned communities on the outskirts of cities

• Homeownership is now affordable to the majority of Canadians 

• The morning commute 

• People now have to drive to their work (can take hours)

• Gender roles became clearly defined in the 1950s

• All of this leads to a consumerist culture

What does NATO stand for?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• North America (Canada and the US) and Western Europe (1949)

Who gets Canada into NATO?

Louis St Laurant (Canada's prime minister after Mackenzie King

What is the Warsaw Pact? (+when and who involved)

• 1955 Soviet response to NATO 

• Eastern European countries plus the Soviet Union

What years were birth rates declining? )+why)

1929 to 1945 due to economic hardship and WWII

What triggered the start of the baby boom? (+when)

• In May of 1945, Canadians and Americans start coming home

• Excited soldiers come home and make babies

How did the gov encourage people to have more babies?

offered an incentive for people to have more babies

• Called the baby bonus

• Every kid you have, the government gives you a cheque (every month

How did more babies improve the ecomony?

• an investment in the nation's infrastructure

• Build hospitals, roads, schools, libraries, police stations, rec centers

• In the 1950’s people are getting jobs like crazy

• This leads to the development of the suburbs 

What triggered the morning commute?

People now live far from cities (suburbia)

When was the Canadian flag introduced?

1965 (F)

Who introduced the Canadian flag?

Lester B. Pearson (F)

What was the iron curtain?

The division between the East(soviet union) and the West(Allied)

• The East = communist

• The West = democratic

Who was the term “iron curtain” coined by?

Winston Churchill

What was the Berlin wall?

• The city of Berlin is divided into two

• The eastern side is communist

• The western side is democrati

When was the Berlin wall built?

In 1961, they built a tremendous wall right through the middle of the city so the communist side couldn't get to the democratic side

When and how did the Berlin wall fall?

• Nov 1989

• The people break down the wall

• It is the beginning of the end of the Soviet Union

When was John Diefenbaker Prime Minister from?

1957-1963

What did John Diefenbaker try to do?

Tried to institute a bill of rights in Canada, but Canada does not have a constitution at this point

What were Lester B. Pierson’s accomplishments?

• Prime Minister 1963-1968

• Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1967

• 1965 - introduced the Canadian pension plan (65+ = $1000 per month)

• 1965 - introduced the Canadian flag

• 1967 - Royal Commission on the Status of Women (progressive government)

• Royal Commission on bilingualism and biculturalism 

• He established workers' rights (made it law) (Minimum wage, fair work day, 2 weeks' paid vacation)

Who was Tommy Douglas?

The Premier of Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961, as the leader of the CCF

What did the CCF do?

• Fought for workers' rights in Canada during the Winnipeg general strike

• Rebrands and the NDP in 1961

What is M.A.D?

Mutual Assured Destruction 

• Nuclear Bombs prevented WW3

• If either side attacks the other, they know they will be destroyed too

When was the Hydrogen bomb invented? (+by who)

• 1952 US test the hydrogen bomb 

• The Soviet Union built one in 1954

• Total destruction that can destroy all life on Earth

How much stronger is the hydrogen bomb compared to atomic bombs?

1000X stronger

What was the Summit Series? (+when)

1972 - height of the cold war

• Canada + US v.s. the Soviet Union

• In 1972, Canada challenged the Soviet Union, winner takes all, in a hockey game

• They have 8 games

• After the first 7 games, the Canadians have won 3, and the soviets won 3

• Soviet Union - players are just soldiers

• Canada - the two best players are gone

• Bobby Clarke shatters Carlemant's ankle

• Canada wins the series 

*Paul Henderson shoots the winning goal for Team Canada

When and what was the quiet revolution?

1960, in Quebec

• Founded by Jean Lesage

• Before 1960, Quebec was rural and isolated (not moving forward)

• Jean Lesage becomes the Liberal Premier of Quebec

• “Il faut que ca change” - “things need to change”

• “Maitres chez nous” - “we need to be the masters of our own house”

• He puts the government of Quebec in charge of education and social services

Who was the quiet revolution founded by?

Jean Lesage

What did P.E.T do as Minister of Justice?

Introducing the landmark Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1969

• decriminalization of homosexual acts between consenting adults

• liberalization of divorce laws

• legalization of contraception

• abortion

• lotteries

• new gun ownership restrictions

• authorization of breathalyzer tests on suspected drunk drivers

What was the october crisis?

1970

Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), a violent organization, detonated close to 100 bombs in Quebec during the 1960s

Who did the FLQ kidnap?

• British Trade Consul James Cross

• Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped (and was later murdered by strangulation, on October 17)

When and why did Trudeau evoke the war measured act?

During the October Crisis of 1970, the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), a violent organization that detonated close to 100 bombs in Quebec during the 1960s, kidnapped British Trade Consul James Cross at his residence on the fifth of October. Five days later, Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped (and was later murdered by strangulation, on October 17). Trudeau responded by invoking the War Measures Act, which gave the government sweeping powers of arrest and detention without trial (almost 500 people were arrested without a warrant).

What was the only time the was measures act used outside of war?

When Trudeau used it after two politicians are kidnapped by the FLQ (James Cross and Pierre Laporte), Pierre being murdered?

Who was Rene Levesque, and what did he fight for? (+when)

1980 – Leader of The Parti Quebecois and Premier of Quebec, Rene Levesque is fighting for Quebec’s political independence from Canada. He orchestrates a referendum for Quebec Sovereignty (referendum on sovereignty-association).

What was counter culture?

1960s youth rebellion against the conservative 1950s

What were hippies known for?

• Protesting against the Vietnam War

• Drug experimentation (psychedelic)

• The sexual revolution (the birth control pill became legalized and available)

• Rock and roll music

• “Sex, drugs, and rock and roll”

• Women's liberation movement (better education, workforce)

• “Make love, not war” - slogan of the era

What is Bill 101?

a law in the province of Quebec defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the only official language of Quebec.

• Education, government, and business HAVE to be done in French (Legally required)