Leadership Midterm

Vocabulary flashcards covering key federal laws for individuals with disabilities, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004.

 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Legislation enacted to end discrimination against adults with disabilities across five main titles.

5 Titles of the ADA

Areas covered under the Americans with Disabilities Act to end discrimination against adults with disabilities:

employment

state & local gov't

transportation

public accommodation

and telecommunications.

Places protection for housing related programs, enforced by the US Dept of Housing and Urban Development

Title 2 ADA

Prohibits discrimination based on disability in programs & activities funded by public entities

Title 2 of the ADA

Prohibits discrimination based on disability on the goods, services, facilities, priveledges, accommodations of public places (even when owned privately)

Title 3 of ADA

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004

Governs provision of early intervention services for children birth-3 and special education 3-21

Part B FAPE

Part C Early intervention Birth-3

LRE

IDEA Part B

Ensures students ages 3-21 have access to a FAPE (free appropriate public ed) that prepares them for further education, employment, & independent living.

IDEA Part C

Children birth-3 can access early intervention services through enhanced/expanded provisions for states

Governs provision of early intervention services for children birth-3 and special education 3-21

IDEA of 2004

Specifies that children be removed from the reg. ed environment only if the disability is severe enough that ed in a regular environment cannot be acheived

IDEA of 2004

Part of a civil rights law that states no person may, due to their disability, be excluded from/derived benefits of a program with federal aid

Section 504 of the Rehab Act of 1973

In educational settings, the law requires schools to ensure equal education opportunities for students with qualifying dx through special ed.

Section 504 of the Rehab Act of 1973

BIG IDEA OF OMNIBUS

Created a national minimum standards of care and bill of rights for people living in LTC (certified NHs)

Requires a individual care plan that focus on increased ADL performance, training staff, and protecting residents

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987

Protects residents from unnecessary and inappropriate physical and chemical restraints

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987

Created opportunities for OT’s to facilitate optimum function, mental health, and participation for residents

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987

Established a National Public Health Program (medicare)

The Social Security Amendments of 1965

Defined durable medical equipment (DME)

The Social Security Ammendments of 1965

Health programs

Congress (leadership positions put in place by the current administration)

• Includes Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), the veterans Health Administration, the indian Health Service, and the Affordable Care Act, Active duty, retired military, civilian federal workers.

Insurance Market Place

Under Congress umbrella (leadership positions put in place by the current administration)

• the Affordable Care Act

Research

Under Congress umbrella (leadership positions put in place by the current administration)

• Through NIH and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Underserved

Under Congress umbrella (leadership positions put in place by the current administration)

• Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA): Community Health Centers & funds workforce education services

Public Health Policy

Under Congress umbrella (leadership positions put in place by the current administration)

• Centers for disease control (CDC)

• - Tracks international diseases outbreaks and national statistics

Responsibilities of Congress

• Governs laws that create new programs and modifies existing programs

• Sets the budget for “discretionary” and “mandatory” health programs

• Oversee executive breach’s implementation of the laws

Oversee executive breach’s implementation of the laws

Congress

Sets the budget for “discretionary” and “mandatory” health programs

Congress

Governs laws that create new programs and modifies existing programs

Congress

Carries out laws passed by Congress

Executive Branch

Operates federal health programs (ex. Medicare)

Executive branch

Laws

Congress

Policies, actionable

Executive Branch

• Details laws by writing policies to interpret and enforce the laws

• Follows detailed process from the 1946 Administrative Procedure Act

Steps of publishing a law

• Publish

  • Notice of proposed rule making in the federal register

• Comment

  • Open public comment period for 30-90 days

• Review

  • Agency considers public comment

Manages the delivery of care, policies & payment, product regulation, and finances of healthcare (DHHS, where medicare and medicaid live)

Executive Branch

Decides if certain laws/policies can be implemented

Judiciary

Regulates disputes between various health insurers

Judiciary

Investigates potential fraud (office of the inspector general)

Judiciary

Ways & Means

Key committee in the House of Reps

• Oversees medicare A (policies)

Energy and Commerce

Key committee in the House of Reps

• Oversees medicaid (policies and shares oversight of medicare parts B,C, and D)

House Appropriations

Key committee in the House of Reps

• Sets budgets for the federal healthcare programs

Finance

Key committee in the Senate

• Oversees all of Medicare, Medicaid, and most of ACA

health, education, Labor & Pensions

Key committee in the Senate

• Public Health Service (Not medicaid or Medicare)

Appropriations

Key committee in the Senate

• Sets budget for discretionary programs

Who administers Medicare

• CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

  • Housed in the Department for Health and Human services

  • Eligibility is >65 or receiving SSDI for 2 years

Who governs Medicaid

• federal CMS partners with state governments to fund, oversee, and set federal rules for Medicaid

• States administer Medicaid based on state needs (within federal rules), minimum set federally but states can expand

• Eligibilitiy depends on meeting requirements

Medicare Part A

Hospital Insurance (acute medical needs)

• Includes Sub-acute nursing stays

Medicare Part B

Outpatient

• Maintenance and preventative care

Medicare Part C

Medicare Advantage Programs

• Commercial programs administering the federal plan

Medicare Part D

Prescription drugs

Vision Statement

“The Dream”

• The ideal outcome

• What would happen if the issue was perfectly addressed

Characteristics of the vision statement

• One or more phrases

• Easily understood by the community

• Broad enough for a variety of perspectives

• Inspiring

• Easy to remember and communicate

Mission Statement

What & Why

Action oriented

Concrete

Mission statement characteristics

1 sentence

Concise

Outcome-oriented

Inclusive

Examples of vision statements

• Meaningful work attainment

• Sports for all

• Experience the outdoors

• Safe at-home living

Examples of mission statements

• To promote child health and development through a comprehensive family and community initiative

• To create a thriving African American community through development of jobs, education, housing, and cultural pride

• To develop a safe and healthy neighborhood through collaborative planning, community action, and policy advocacy

Objectives

Goals stating much will be done and by when

3 types of objectives

1. Behavioral - changing behaviors or outcomes/results of behavior changes

2. Community level

3. Process - implementing steps to attain the other goals

Strategies

How the objectives will be met

• May be broad or specific

• Often there are many

5 main types of strategies

1. Providing information and enhancing skills

2. Enhancing services and support

3. Modify access, barriers, and opportunities

4. Change the consequences of efforts

5. Modify policies

Why find the gap?

• Gain a deeper understanding of the community

  • Learn the communities social structure and culture, how its history, strengths, and conflicts define it

• Meet & engage interested parties

  • Get community members to brag on their assets! This will help you know how you may use and/or address them

• Aid in deciding on priorities

  • Avoid surprises that may act as a barrier to success

Subjective evaluation of needs

Interview Interested Parties

• Who are the interested parties?

  • those experiencing the needs

  • Other health and human service providers

  • Government officials

  • Influential people

  • Other businesses

• How should I gather the information?

  • Recruit people to be on a planning group

  • Listening sessions

  • Interviews, Focus groups

  • Surveys

  • Asset mapping

  • Direct observation

Objective evaluation of needs

1. Look at health data

2. Look at community level indicators

3. Review the evidence-base

Traditional Practice Areas:

• Hospital

• Skilled Nursing facilities and Long term care

• Home Health

• Home and community

• Schools

• Early intervention

• Mental and behavioral health settings

• Outpatient clinic

• Private practive

Emerging Practice Areas Definition

Settings that OT does not typically work in, but with our skilled perspective, we can positively impact a population’s well-being

Emerging practice areas

• Adaptive sports

• Animal-assisted therapies

• Community-based mental health

• Postpartum health

• Productive aging

• Refugee resettlement

• Policy and advocacy

• industry - commercial or DME as designers, educators

Purpose of for-profit

• Primary mission is to generate profit and develop effective products and services that are valuable to consumers

Purpose of Non-profit

• Dedicated to promoting a social cause or advocating for a particular standpoint

How are for-profit buisnesses funded?

• Initial efforts through bank loans

• local investors

• revenue generated from sales

  • Very few grants available for for-profits

How are non-profits funded?

• Private donations of time and money

• Corporate sponsorships

• Government grants

• Crowdfunding

  • Donations can be used as tax write-offs

Leadership of for-profit

Allocated among a select group of people, typically with a stake in the financial success

• Usually have some sort of incentive or financial relationship

Leadership for non-profit

Board of directors without a financial relationship to the buisness, but may make financial decisions

What are the most common types of non-profits?

• 501(C)(3) Charitable Organizations

  • Charitable, religious, scientific, literary or educational purposes

  • Tax deductible

  • Cannot lobby or make political endorsements

• 501(C)(4)

  • differ from c3 in term of political activity where they can use political lobbying activities to advance its mission

What are some Buisness Structures?

• Sole proprietorship

• Partnerships (LP and LLP)

• LLC

• Corporations (S corp or C corp)

What are the advantages of an LLC?

• Most likely the business structure we would have

• Separates personal from company

  • Protection from risks of professional liability or debt

• Provides credibility of business for clients and business loans