Animal Breeding Exam 1

What breeds are considered british?

angus, hereford, red angus, shorthorn

What breeds are considered american?

brahman, brangus, santa gertrudis

What breeds are considered dual?

brangus, santa gertrudis, simmental

What breeds are considered maternal?

angus, hereford, red angus, shorthorn

What is the definition of animal breeding?

selecting sires and dams, assigning them to matings, and producing offpspring

A successful breeder and manager will:

consistently produce animals, which are desired by the market place, at a lower cost than their competition

What goes in space a?

consumption

What goes in space b?

processing

What goes in space c?

growing and finishing

What goes in space d?

reproduction and crossing

What goes in space e?

multiplication

What goes in space f?

selection

In what direction does gene flow go?

downward

what direction does information flow go?

upward

As you move down the pyramid, attention shifts from _____ to ______

individual animals to group averages

What is an overall example of purebreeding?

seedstockW

Explain crossbreeding

variation, creates different and new

What is a breed example of a composite formation (synthetic)

beef masters

What is the symbol for heritability?

h²

Cost vs Return

accuracy of information relative to cost of collection

Male vs female emphasis

impact on next generation

What traits are easily measured?

growth, # of eggs, speedW

What traits require reproduction to be measured?

calving ease, milk production

What traits require specialized facilities to measure?

feed consumption

What traits require destruction of animal to measure?

carcass info, disease resistance

What traits require a lifetime to observe?

longevity

Define selection

indentifying those animals which have a high frequency of desirable genes

Define genotype

Genetic or genotypic value, the contribution of an animal’s genes to its own phenotype

Define phenotype

genotype + environment

Define breeding value

contribution of the animal’s genes to its progeny’s phenotype

define heredity

passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

Define breeding value

value of the alleles that indivual transmits to it’s offspring

Breeding value is _____ dependent

gene frequency

What does EPD stand for?

expected progeny difference

Define EPD

expected performance of the progeny of a parent, expressed as a mean deviation

EPD =

½ the breeding value

Does a mule have a breeding value?

no, they are typically sterile and cannot pass on any genes

Heritability changes as _____ changes

gene frequency

define mutually exclusive

the occurrence of one event in a given trial excludes the possibility of the occurrence of another event

define population

the total of all individuals in a breed, species, or other such groupings, or as those individuals that inhabit a particular area

define gene frequency

relative abundance or the relative rarity of a particular gene

What is the genotype for black?

E? dd rr

What is the genotype for blue roan?

E? dd Rr

What is the genotype for smokey?

E? Dd rr

What is the genotype for white?

E? dd RR

What is the genotype for cream w/gray skin?

E? DD rr

What is the genotype for red?

ee dd rr

What is the genotype for red roan?

ee dd Rr

What is the genotype for straw?

ee Dd rr

What is the genotype for white w/pink skin?

ee dd RR

What is the genotype for cream w/tan skin?

ee DD rr