Unit 4: Ancient Middle East and Rise of Islam

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/32

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

33 Terms

1
New cards
Caliph
A new leader elected by the Muslim community after Muhammad's death in 632.
2
New cards
Rightly Guided Caliphs
The first four caliphs who knew Muhammad and promised to stay true to the Qur'an and Muhammad's message.
3
New cards
Abu Bakr
The first caliph, who was Muhammad's friend and father-in-law.
4
New cards
Expansion of Islam
The spread of Islam which slowed 100 years after Muhammad's death, specifically noted in 732 when the Arab push into Europe ended.
5
New cards
Muslim and Christian forces in Spain
These forces fought for centuries, with Muslims referred to as Moors.
6
New cards
Success of Muslim Conquests
Attributed to the weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empires, the perception of Arabs as liberators, bold fighting methods, and a common faith.
7
New cards
Tax on non-Muslims
Muslim leaders imposed a tax but allowed non-Muslims to practice their own faith and follow their own religious laws.
8
New cards
Non-Muslims in Muslim Civilization
Played key roles in developing the civilization and often converted to Islam.
9
New cards
Muslim Presence in Europe
Major areas of influence from 650 to 750 were in Spain and Sicily.
10
New cards
Moors
The term used by Christians to refer to Muslims in Southern Spain, who stayed until 1492.
11
New cards
Cultural Center of the Muslim World
Spain was a cultural center of the Muslim world for centuries.
12
New cards
People of the Book
Jews and Christians, as regarded by Muslims.
13
New cards
Islam
Muslims believe that only Islam is God's final and complete revelation.
14
New cards
People of the Book
Had religious freedom in early Muslim society.
15
New cards
Harem
Women's quarters were called harem, from the word haram.
16
New cards
Haram
Forbidden.
17
New cards
Sunni Muslims
Believe the caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community.
18
New cards
Shia Muslims
Believe the only true successors of the caliph are descendants of Muhammad's daughter and son-in-law (Fatima & Ali).
19
New cards
Caliph
Agree caliph should be a pious (religious, devoted) Muslim.
20
New cards
Caliphate Leadership
Believe the caliph should be seen as a leader, not a religious authority.
21
New cards
Sufi Muslims
Sufis are Muslim mystics who sought communication with God through meditation, fasting & other rituals.
22
New cards
Arab Empire
Lasted from 661 to 750 AD.
23
New cards
Umayyad Dynasty
The first to set up dynasty rule in the Arab Empire.
24
New cards
Abbasid Dynasty
Established in 750 and lasted until 1258.
25
New cards
Islamic Golden Age
A period known for making Islam a universal religion.
26
New cards
Baghdad
Capital moved to Baghdad and called the 'City of Peace'.
27
New cards
Minarets
Slender towers on mosques.
28
New cards
Harun al-Rashid
Ruled the large empire from 786-809.
29
New cards
Seljuks
Turks who migrated to the Middle East in the 900s and by 1055 controlled Baghdad with the Abbasid Caliph as a figurehead.
30
New cards
Crusaders
In 1099 Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem and for 200 years rule passed back and forth.
31
New cards
Mongols
In 1216, Genghis Khan led the Mongols across Persia & Mesopotamia and in 1258, killed the last Abbasid caliph.
32
New cards
Fragmentation of the Arab Empire
By the end of the 1200s, the Arab Empire had fragmented and fallen.
33
New cards
Canon on Medicine
A significant work in the field of medicine during the Islamic Golden Age.