Molecular Biology - Atoms and Elements

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/17

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Vocabulary flashcards for key terms related to atoms, elements, and chemical bonds.

Biology

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

18 Terms

1
New cards

Proton

Subatomic particle with a positive charge located in the nucleus.

2
New cards

Neutron

Subatomic particle with no charge located in the nucleus.

3
New cards

Electron

Subatomic particle with a negative charge orbiting the nucleus.

4
New cards

Nucleus

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

5
New cards

Dalton (or amu)

Unit of measurement for atomic mass, approximately equal to the mass of a proton or neutron.

6
New cards

Isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons; affects mass but behaves identically in chemical reactions.

7
New cards

Atomic Mass

The average mass of all isotopes of an element.

8
New cards

Covalent Bond

Atoms sharing one or more pairs of valence electrons.

9
New cards

Ionic Bond

A bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

10
New cards

Electronegativity

The measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

11
New cards

Cation

A positively charged ion.

12
New cards

Anion

A negatively charged ion.

13
New cards

Hydrogen Bond

Weak bond formed by the attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom in a polar covalent bond.

14
New cards

Van der Waals Interactions (VDW)

Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules resulting from transient local partial charges.

15
New cards

Valence Shell

The outermost electron shell of an atom.

16
New cards

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost electron shell; determines the bonding capacity of an atom.

17
New cards

Valence

The bonding capacity of a given atom, typically determined by the number of unpaired electrons in the outer shell.

18
New cards

Radioactive Decay

Where the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy to reach a more stable state.