Infection control

Causative agent

a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease

Reservoir infection

the natural habitat of a pathogen

Portal of exit

Is where the pathogen gets out do the body

Portal of entry

Is when the pathogen enters a body/house

Endogenous

Infection or disease originating within the body

exogenous

Produced outside the body

Nosocomial

hospital acquired infection

Opportunistic

infections that occur when the body's defenses are weak

The stages of the Chain of infections

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

HIV/AIDS

HIV causes AIDS and interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.

Hepatitis B

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

Hepatitis C

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood

Hepatitis A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

Aseptic

free from disease-causing microorganisms

Antiseptic

Used on skin to remove bacteria like alcohol

Vector

A bug/insect that transmits disease

What does PPE stand for?

Personal Protection Equipment

4 types of PPE

Gloves, gowns, goggles, and mask

When should mask be changed?

Every 30 minutes and when wet

What is protective or reverse isolation?

Helps protects patients from organisms present in the environment

Why are fingers pointed down when your washing your hands?

Fingers are pointed down so the bacteria/microorganisms land in the sink and don't stay on your hand

Sterilization

The process of destroying all microorganisms usually on a surface, air, almost everything. Examples of sterilization are hydrogen peroxide

Order of washing hands

Take jewelry off, grab paper towel and turn sink(water has to be warm), next get soap and rub hands together pointing down, then rub/wash in between your fingers, the back of hand, your wrist and fingernails. Then rinse soap while hands pointing down. Grab paper towel and close sink then grab another one and dry your hands upward from nails to wrist

Name 3 pathogens spread by blood and body fluids

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and AIDS

Standard Precautions

rules developed by the CDC. Every body fluid must be considered potential source of infection. All patients must be considered potential source of infection.

Bacteria

Are found in every habitat on Earth like soil, rocks, oceans, attic snows, etc. Common disease are like Ecoli and Lyme disease. Can treat with antibiotics. Can be transmitted through contact, airborn, droplet, vectors, and vehicular.

Fungus

Is found in a wide various of environments such as soil but never around water. Is transmitted through direct contact and inhalation. Is treated by anti fungal medication. Common diseases are athletes foot and ring worm

Virus

Are tiny germs and they are made up of protein coating. Common diseases are flu, cold, warts, HIV, AIDS, Ebola, Covid-19. They are transmitted through airborne droplets/particles, blood, bodily fluids, physical contact, contaminated food and water. Treatment is antiviral medication.

Protozoa

Is found everywhere but their usually found in moist environments and they can be found in plants and animals. Their transmitted through contaminated food/water, soil, waste, or blood. They can be treated with antibiotics. Common diseases are like Malaria

Rickettsiae

They are found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, mammals. They are transmitted by bites, infections, fluids, inhaling, bacteria, ticks, lice, fleas, mites, or mammals. Common diseases are Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Helminth

A parasitic worm. Usually transmitted through contaminated soil

Microorganisms

Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Airborne precautions

Wear a mask when entering/exiting a patients room. Usually the patients room is filtered and their in a private room. Every person that enters should wear mask/protective gear.

Droplet precautions

Are transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, etc. Patient is usually in a separate room and trash should be in a different bag or different trash can because it's contaminated.

Contact precautions

Are indirect and direct contact. Everything in the room has to be disinfected daily. Follow standard precautions by wearing gloves. Patient should be in a private room and staff should wash hands daily

Disinfection

A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms