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What philosophical ideas influenced the Age of Revolutions (1750–1900)?
Enlightenment ideas promoted by thinkers like John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire.
What was the significance of the American Revolution of 1776?
It was a revolt against British rule that led to the establishment of the United States, inspired by Enlightenment principles.
What were the main goals of the French Revolution in 1789?
To dismantle the absolute monarchy and promote ideals inspired by the American Revolution and Enlightenment thinkers.
What was the outcome of the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)?
It was the first successful slave-led revolution that established Haiti as the first independent black republic.
Who were the key leaders of the Latin American Revolutions in the early 19th century?
Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
What is the Industrial Revolution (1750) and what initiated it?
The I.R. is the transformation of economies from agrarian to industrial, marked by technological advancements and shifts in labor. It was initiated by the agricultural revolution I which things like seed drills were made, this made it so that farmers were no longer needed and so the farmers moved to cities and began working in factories.
What were significant innovations of the Industrial Revolution?
The steam engine, spinning jenny, power loom, and cotton gin.
What social changes resulted from urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?
Mass migration to cities, leading to overcrowding and worker exploitation.
What is 'New Imperialism' and what drove it in the late 19th century?
Expansion by European powers, the U.S., and Japan, motivated by economic interests, nationalism, and cultural spread.
What was the result of the Indian Rebellion of 1857?
The British crown took direct control of India after suppressing the uprising.
What significant change did the Meiji Restoration (1868) bring to Japan?
It transformed Japan into a modern industrial state, adopting Western technologies.
What is liberalism?
A political ideology advocating for freedoms, representative democracy, and individual rights.
What did socialism advocate for?
Collective ownership of resources and industries to reduce inequality.
What major movement did feminism arise from?
The struggle for women's rights, including voting and education access.
What concept describes the rise of capitalism influenced by the Industrial Revolution?
The dominance of free markets based on Adam Smith's ideas.
What was justified by Social Darwinism during the era of imperialism?
Racism and the domination of non-Western peoples.
What environmental changes occurred due to industrialization?
Pollution, deforestation, and alterations to landscapes.
Who were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?
Founders of Marxism, critiquing capitalism and advocating for socialism.
What was Otto von Bismarck known for?
He was the architect of the unification of Germany.
What was Queen Victoria a symbol of?
The British Empire during its imperial height.
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