A&P Lab 2 | Lab 1

Brain structure and function and cranial nerves

Brainstem

Lower portion of the brain.

Diencephalon

Center portion of the brain.

Cerebellum

Posterior portion of the brain below the cerebrum.

Cerebrum

Largest portion of the brain.

Medulla oblongata

Inferior portion (base) of the brainstem that attaches to the spinal cord.

Pons

Middle portion of the brainstem, anterior to the cerebellum.

Midbrain

Superior portion of the brainstem.

cerebral peduncles

Structure anterior of the brainstem

corpora quadrigemina

reflex centers involving vision and hearing.

the four colliculi—two inferior, two superior

Cerebellar cortex

Gray matter that makes up outer layer of cerebellum

Folia

Folds of the cerebellum

Vermis

Area where hemispheres connect in the cerebellum

Arbor vitae

Tree shaped white matter inside of cerebellum

Thalamus

Central portion of both sides of the brain in the diencephalon.

Intermediate mass of thalamus

Connect the 2 Thalmus, center of thalamus

Hypothalamus

Area below the thalamus in the diencephalon.

Epithalamus (pineal gland)

Posterior portion of the diencephalon.

Longitudinal fissure

Separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum.

Gray matter

Outer layer of the cerebrum, consisting of cell bodies, dendrites, and neuroglia.

Gyrus

Ridges

Sulcus

Grooves

White matter

Myelinated axons in the brain.

Association fibers

Fibers that connect portions within the same hemisphere of the brain.

Commissure fibers

Fibers that connect the hemispheres of the brain.

Corpus callosum

Largest connection between the hemispheres of the brain.

Projection fibers

Fibers that connect the brain to the body.

Frontal lobe

Anterior portion of the cerebrum.

Central sulcus

Separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe.

Precentral gyrus

Posterior gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Parietal lobe

Posterior and superior portion of the cerebrum.

Postcentral gyrus

Anterior gyrus of the parietal lobe.

Temporal lobe

Lateral lobes of the cerebrum.

Lateral cerebral sulcus

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe.

Occipital lobe

Posterior and inferior portion of the brain.

Functional areas of the frontal lobe

Precentralgyrus

Brocas speech area

Precentral gyrus

Primary motor area in the frontal lobe.

Broca's speech area

Initiates speech in the frontal lobe.

Functional areas of the parietal lobe

Postcentral gyrus

Primary gustatory area

Wernickes area

Postcentral gyrus

Primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe.

Primary gustatory area

Sense of taste in the parietal lobe.

Wernicke's area

Translates sounds to words in the parietal lobe.

Functional areas in the temporal lobe

Primary auditory area

Primary olfactory area

Primary auditory area

Sense of hearing in the temporal lobe.

Primary olfactory area

Sense of smell in the temporal lobe.

Functional areas in the occipital lobe

Primary visual area

Primary visual area

Sense of sight in the occipital lobe.

Alpha wave

Active when awake and resting.

Beta wave

Active during mental activity.

Theta wave

Active during stressful activities.

Delta wave

Active during deep sleep.

Meninges

Protective layers around the brain.

What are the three meninges around the brain?

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

Dura mater

Tough, outermost layer of the meninges.

Arachnoid

Middle membrane that contains a network of collagen fibers.

Pia mater

Innermost layer of the meninges.

Choroid plexus

Location of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, lines ventricles, made of ependymal cells.

Lateral ventricles

Located in each hemisphere, connected to the third ventricle.

Third ventricle

Located between the two thalamus and inside the hypothalamus.

Cerebral aqueduct

Connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle.

Fourth ventricle

Located between the cerebellum and pons.

Central canal

Carries CSF from the fourth ventricle through the spinal cord.

Superior sagittal sinus

Located between the hemispheres superior to the corpus callosum.

Arachnoid villa

Extensions of the arachnoid into the superior sagittal sinus that absorb CSF.