Topic 2: Cells (organisation of the organism)

Cytoplasm description

Jelly-like with particles and organelles in it.

Cell membrane description

A partially permeable layer that forms a boundary around the cytoplasm.

Nucleus description

A circular or oval structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes.

Mitochondria description

Circular, oval, or slipper-shaped organelles.

Ribosomes description

Small, circular structures attached to membranes or lying free.

Cell wall description

A tough, non living layer made of cellulose surrounding the cell membrane.

Vacuole description

A fluid filled space surrounded by a membrane in the plant cell.

Chloroplast description

An organelle containing chlorophyll.

Cytoplasm function

Site of chemical reactions.

Nucleus function

Control centre of the cell, contains the DNA.

Cell membrane function

Controls entry and exit of substances from cell.

Cell wall function

Gives plant cell support and prevents it from bursting.

Large vacuole function

Allows the storage of substances inside the plant cell like sap.

Chloroplasts function

Traps light energy for photosynthesis in the plant cell.

Mitochondria function

The site where energy from aerobic respiration is released.

Ribosomes function

Protein synthesis.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) function

The site of protein production and protein transport in the cell.

Vesicles function

Transport proteins.

Where are ribosomes situated in the cell?

They are found on rough endoplasmic reticulums (RER) and vesicles in the cytoplasm.

True or false — cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of mitochondria.

True.

Function of the ciliated cells

Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi.

Function of the root hair cells

Absorption (large surface area for maimum absorbtion).

Xylem vessels function

Conduction and support.

Palisade (mesophyll) cells function

Photosynthesis (and to trap light energy).

Nerve cell function

Conduction of impulses.

Red blood cell function

Transport of oxygen.

Sperm and egg cells function

Reproduction.

Define tissue

A group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function.

Define organ.

A structure made up of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions.

Define organ system

A group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions.

Describe bacterial cell structure

Single cell organisms with a cell wall made up of a mixture of proteins, fats and sugars. Inside the cell wall there is a cytoplasm. Inside each bacterial cell there contains a singular chromosome with one DNA strand.

Features of virus

Smallest of the microorganisms, and do not have a cellular structure (no nucleus, cytoplasm, or cell membrane).