hush - unit 1: semester 1

who was the most impacted by the discovery of america?

the native americans

native american beginnings >

• political systems

• economic system

• range of language

• here long before the Europeans encountered them

native americans knew _________ of languages/customs/traditions

hundreds

once was a land bridge from russia to alaska, what was it called?

bering strait

what strategy did the native americans use to get food?

hunting and gathering

where the natives dependent on the region of north america they lived in?

yes

what was the importance of corn?

• it originated in North America

• more sustainable for humans to grow

• stable and has a lot of variety

three sisters agriculture >

• corn, beans and squash (all grow in america and are easy to grow)

• planted all these crops together

• soil is ideal for all three crops

why did the europeans disagree with the three sister method?

they thought themselves better than because it was a different method

aztecs >

the most populated region, they were urban and very developed

what was the heart of the the aztec empire?

tenochtitlan

what did the aztecs have?

government and they were modern in their own terms

what did the aztecs have a lot of?

gold, which made them a target

did the aztecs have a lot of resources? where did they live?

they had a lot of resources and they were all spread out but still connected

pueblo >

in the southwest there are desserts and its dry, they had a lot of clay houses

who coined the term pueblo?

spanish

what does pueblo mean?

house/village

what did the pueblos use as currency?

turquoise

what did the pueblos develop? why?

irrigation because of the dry area they lived in

mississippian culture >

they lived by the mississippi river (very significant to live by one)

there are thousands of people who _______ on/by the mississippi river

lived

what is the mississippi river helpful for?

food, travel, trading, and communication

east woodlands >

mohawk and they were part of the mississippian culture

who made first contact with the eastwoodlands?

British

who was important and sometimes in power that the British did not like? why?

women because it was different in their culture

natives have a more _______ understanding of property and ownership because they _________ during seasons and other reasons

fluid, traveled

why does the natives understanding of property work to the natives disadvantage?

the British did not seem to like how they use their property or settlements because there were no set rules or markings

______/groups were all different with their _________, tradition and ________

tribes, government, culture

are the natives more spaced out or less spaced out than Europe?

more spaced out

is diverse africa like the natives?

yes

what is different in Africa despite them being within the same region/country?

governments, culture, politics, language, religions, etc

to be african, does not mean to be one _______

entity

what are some factors to consider that influence why the Europeans wanted to explore?

• economic ambition

• the renaissance

• militarism

• political rivalries

• christian identity

economic ambition >

want to make money for trade and/or looking for more efficient ways to trade

renaissance >

rebirth, the desire to learn and discover what is beyond the area they live in

militarism >

lots of countries are getting better in military war and other countries want the glory or fame

political rivalries >

countries are competitive because they want power and territory

christian identity >

all of Europe is Catholic and they are shocked because the Natives did not know Jesus

who invented gun powder during this time?

the chinese

why did colombus take the voyage?

he wanted to find asia to get tea and discover a faster route

what is an example of new technology?

compasses, caravel, and astrolabe

compass >

points to either north, south, east, west

caravel >

light weight ships, travel faster for competition, food, colonization, illness and disease

astrolable >

use the stars to map

who was in charge of the african coast exploration?

prince henry of portugal

what was prince henry called?

henry the navigator

why was african coast exploration important to prince henry?

he was trying to find a faster route to asia like colombus

african coast exploration >

ships go down to africa and it helps grow connections. This results in more trade and to get to their destination, which was India

why do they use a boat instead of walking in the africa coast exploration?

it is faster to boat and it can hold more items

slavery >

heinous trading of human beings and it starts even before the african coast exploration

slavery happens in _______ and the slaves were usually __________

africa, prisoners

the europeans do what to slavery?

they exploit it and make it worse and more popular

what was christopher colombus’ original plan?

he was trying to find an even faster route to Asia by going west because he did not know about America’s existence

who funds christopher colombus’ trip?

spain, more specifically Fernando and Bernette

Is christophers trip completely selfless?

no, he wanted to profit from this trip

who discovers that America is no Asia and coined the term “nuevo mundo”?

amerigo vespucci

what does “nuevo mundo” mean?

new world

colombus made multiple trips to the americas before he realized that it was not asia
(he did not really discover america)

yes yes

what did colombus discover (not america)?

the caribbean areas like the Bahamas, Cuba and Espanola

what does spain find in these areas?

gold

what does spain pivot to for profit?

sugar cane

what will england be doing while spain is exploring?

nothing

european areas and spain cannot grow what? so what do they do?

sugar cane and they take the seeds of the sugar cane to the new area and brough it back home so they can sell it as their own for money

what are the spanish missionaries taking from the natives ?

their homes, resources, and their way of life

what can the spanish missionaries be described as?

violent

what religion is spain at the time? what did they want to do with the natives?

catholic and they wanted to convert them

what was spains motivation?

gold, god and sugar cane

what would the spanish missionaries do if the natives were uncooperative?

they would get physically violent or enslave them

bartolome’ de las casas >

spanish monk who did not like how the spanish missionaries were treating the natives and suggested afican slaves rather than natives (he later writes that he regrets suggesting it)

the columbian exchange >

clashing of the two hemispheres which includes trading, goods, animals, people and diseases

what is the reason why it is called the colombian exchange?

it gives colombus credit for discovering America

what did the spanish bring?

bananas, cabbage, cauliflower, chickpeas, coffee, grapes, lettuce, melons, olives, onions, sugar, rice, tea, wheat and cattle

what did america bring?

tomatoes, potatoes, corn, squash, turkeys, tabacco, peppers, and more

what are some diseases from europe to america?

diptheria, measles, pneumonia, small pix and typhus

what did the native americans not have? what was the result?

immune system for the diseases and so they died

glory >

competitiveness against other countries

gold >

money, gold, profit

god >

forcing religion on the natives

what are two examples of conquistadors?

hernan cortes and franciso pizarro

what are the spanish trying to do?

trying to supress the natives and there will be a lot of violence

what is cortes known for?

taking down the aztecs

what is pizarro known for?

taking down the inkas

what strategy did cortez use to eliminate the aztecs?

he recruited the aztec’s enemies to destroy them

hernado de soto >

the first spainard to explore the south-eastern portion of the US

what did hernado de soto discover? why was he there?

the mississippi river and he was searching for gold

francisco vasquez de coronado >

think about the southwest and he was the first european to explore the grand canyon

what settlement did the spanish have in florida because its proximity to the gulf?

st. augustine

why are the spanish very protective of the islands?

it grows them sugar cane which results in profit for spain

what do the spanish build in st. augustine?

they made forts and then it became a city

what is the first permeant european settlement?

st. augustine

what type of missionaries were harsh, cruel and tried to force submission upon the natives and they were extremely aggressive about their religion?

the franciscan missionaries

encomienda >

spanish come to the native world and force them into submission and often slavery (this does not last forever because people spoke out)

what was the first european country to explore the north?

france

what was really important to france?

the fur trade

why did fur trade occur?

because it was cold in canada and the fur trade already existed

why did the fur trade get popular?

the french ships them back to france and it is considered exotic because there were not any animals with that much fur in their area

what was the point of canadian exploration?

the profit/money gained

what is the first permanent french settlement?

quebec

who discovered quebec?

samuel de champlain

what else did samuel de champlain discover?

the great lakes