chapter 10 Respiratory system Yasmin L

What are three functions of the respiratory system?

1. uptake and elimination of oxygen gas

2. vocalization

3. olfaction

What are five regions of the respiratory system?

1. nasal cavities

2. pharynx

3. larynx

4. trachea

5. lungs

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

1. frontal sinus

2. ethmoidal sinus

3. sphenoidal sinus

4. maxillary sinus

What is the function of sinuses?

air conduction, protection, structure

What are the nasolacrimal?

The connection of the nose and your tear ducts

What is the pharynx?

The throat

What is the nasopharynx?

nose and throat area

What is the eustachian tube?

connection for throat to ears

What is otitis media?

earache( inflammation in the middle of the ear)

What is the larynx?

voice box and adams apple

What is the front portion of the larynx that sticks out called?

adams apple that both males and females have, males are just larger

What is the laryngeal aperture?

opening ?

What are the three laryngeal cartilages?

1. epiglottis

2. thyroid cartilage

3. cricoid cartilage

What is the carcinoma of the larynx associated with?

it is a cancer formed from heavy smoking and drinking needing a laryngectomy

What is a laryngectomy?

surgical removal of the larynx (voice box)

What is the trachea?

the windpipe

What is the trachea made up of?

cricoid cartilage of the larynx that connects to the RT. and LT. primary bronchi

What is a tracheotomy?

surgical opening of the trachea

Where are the lungs located?

just above the clavicles to the diaphragm muscles

What is the hilum of the lung?

root of the lung

What are the three large opening in the diaphragm?

1. Esophagus

2. aorta

3. inferior vena cava I.V.C

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

What are alveoli?

¨grapelike¨ functional unit of lungs

What is the visceral pleural membrane?

covers the surface of each lung

What is the parietal pleural membrane?

wall of cavity (thorax)

What is the pleural cavity?

fluid filled space between pleural membranes

How does inspiration work?

diaphragm & intercostal muscles contract → increases chest volume → air is sucked into the lungs

How does exhalation work?

diaphragm & intercostal muscles relax → decrease chest volume → air is blown out of the lungs

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

Pulmonary surfactant deficiency

What is pleurisy?

swelling of lungs

What is pneumothorax?

air pocket between the pleural membranes?

What is a cold?

coryza, is a viral infection

What is bronchitis?

viral or bacterial infection of bronchi

What is pneumonia?

general inflammation of lungs, bacterial or viral

What is tuberculosis?

bacterial infection

What is bronchial asthma?

allergic reaction resulting in bronchospasm (bronchoconstriction) and bronchial edema

What does pnea mean?

breathing