Physiological Disorders and their Care Unit 14 Pearsons BTEC (copy)

What is Anatomy?

The scientific study of the human body and the structures within.

What is Physiology?

The scientific study of the functions and processes that occur within the body, and the structures within.

What are Physiological Disorders?

The interruption or breakdown of the functions of the within the physiology of a human.

Name the 12 Body Systems

1. Digestive System

2. Respiratory System

3. Reproductive System

4. Nervous System

5. Endocrine System

6. Cardio-Vascular System

7. Skeletal System

8. Muscular System

9. Immune System

10. Renal System

11. Lymphatic System

12. Integumentary System

What is the function of the Digestive System?

The break down of food and the absorption of their nutrients.

What is the function of the Respiratory System?

To inhale oxygen and and exhale Carbon dioxide.

What is the function of the Reproductive system?

To procreate and continue the human life cycle.

What is the function of the Nervous System?

To allow people their 5 senses.

What is the function of the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs.

What is the function of the Cardio-Vascular System?

The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.

What is the function of the Skeletal System?

It gives your body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for your organs and stores minerals.

What is the function of the Muscular System?

The muscular system's main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they contribute to gross and fine movement. Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes: walking.

What is the function of the Immune System?

The immune system is a complex network of organs, cells and proteins that defends the body against infection, whilst protecting the body's own cells. The immune system keeps a record of every germ (microbe) it has ever defeated so it can recognise and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again.

What is the function of the Renal System?

The renal system or urinary tract, removes waste from your blood, in the form of urine. It also helps regulate your blood volume and pressure and controls the level of chemicals and salts (electrolytes) in your body's cells and blood.

What is the function of the Lymphatic System?

The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It keeps body fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections. Lymphatic (lim-FAT-ik) vessels, tissues, organs, and glands work together to drain a watery fluid called lymph from throughout the body.

What is the function of the Integumentary System?

The integumentary system includes the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails. In addition to its barrier function, this system performs many intricate functions such as body temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and detection of stimuli.

Give 12 examples of physiological diseases (1 for each body system)

1. Digestive System - IBS

2. Respiratory System - Asthma

3. Reproductive System - Erectile disfunction

4. Nervous System - Autism/

5. Endocrine System - Hypothyroidism

6. Cardio-Vascular System - CHD

7. Skeletal System - Osteoporosis

8. Muscular System - Muscular dystrophy

9. Immune System - Leukaemia / HIV

10. Renal System - Renal Cancer

11. Lymphatic System - Hyphaemia

12. Integumentary System - Eczema

What is a sign?

Signs are objective indicators of a condition that can actually be observed: for example a rash, a swelling, blood in a stool (poo), or high blood pressure readings

What are symptoms?

Symptoms are subjective indicators of the disorder, so indicators of the condition that a patient is experiencing. For example: pain, nausea, blurred vision, frequency of urination (peeing), disorientation.

How is a diagnosis made with signs and symptoms?

•When a diagnosis is made by a doctor it can be done in two ways

•When it is based on signs and symptoms it can sometimes be called a 'clinical diagnosis'.

•If the signs and symptoms can fit more than one disorder.....which often happens, the a 'differential diagnosis' is made.

What are some examples of observable signs?

• Rashes

• Sweating

• Changes in skin

• Pallor (colour)

• Weight loss or gain

• Swelling (a 'mass')

What are some symptoms experienced by the individual?

• Vomiting

• Pain

• Headaches

• Changes in bowel habits

• Pins and needles

(As an Example) What are the observable signs of Type 1 Diabetes?

• The patient may appear to have lost weight, and the doctor can weigh the patient to confirm this.

• The patient may appear drowsy, they may be excessively tired, this could even lead to disorientation.

(As an Example) What are the symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?

• Blurred vision

• Frequency of urination: going to the toilet a lot more than usual

• Recurrent infection (for example vaginal thrush)

How is diabetes diagnosed?