T2 - Sources and Loads

Voltage Source (DC and battery)

Resistor

Capacitor

Inductor

Impedence

Diode

LED

Zener Diode

Transistor

Operational Amplifier

Resistor Properties

Limit current, convert potential energy to heat/noise, induce a voltage drop

Ideal Resistor

Characteristic plot of I against V is straight line w/ slope of 1/R

Conductance

Reciprocal of resistance (siemens, S)

Open Circuit

Zero conductance, infinite resistance (hence, v=0)

Short Circuit

Zero resistance, infinite conductance (hence, v=0)

Power Rating

Maximum power (in Watts) that a resistor can take before becoming damaged

Voltage Source

Produces a voltage across its terminals, may be constant or a function of time

Properties of Voltage Source

Will deliver any amount of current needed to maintain voltage

Current Source

Produces a specified current regardless of voltage across it, may be constant value or function of time

Zero Volt Voltage Source

Equivalent to short circuit (0 voltage regardless of current)

Zero Amp Current Source

Equivalent to open circuit (0 current regardless of voltage)

Incompatible Model

Ideal current source connected in series w/ source of different value

Incompatible Model

Ideal current source connected in series w/ open circuit

Incompatible Model

Ideal voltage source connected in parallel w/ source of different value

Incompatible Model

Ideal voltage source connected in parallel w/ short circuit

Compatible Model

Voltage sources in series can be combined

Compatible Model

Current sources in parallel can be combined

Real Voltage Source

As load draws more current, voltage across resistor increases, hence voltage available for load decreases

Controlled (Dependent) Sources

Output depends on a voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit

VCVS (Voltage Controlled Voltage Source)

CCCS (Current Controlled Current Source)

VCCS (Voltage Controlled Current Source)

CCVS (Current Controlled Voltage Source)