reproductive system - female

list the female reproductive organs

ovaries, ducts (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina), vulva and mammary glands

what is the function of the ovaries

Produce eggs or ova, secrete estrogen and progesterone

What is the functional unit of ovaries

Follicles

Ovaries contains many follicles that

Secrete estrogen

what is the apoptosis of oocytes called

Atresia

Follicular remnants from corpus luteum (promote pregnancy) secrete __ and degenerates if no implantation

Estrogen and progesterone

Which ligament in the uterus is a sheet like ligament that anchors reproductive organs in place

Broad ligament

Which ligament in the uterus anchors ovary to uterus

Ovarian ligament

Follicle is combination of

Oocyte and follicular cells

trace the oocyte formation, ovulation and passage to uterus start with oocyte matures in ovary

Oocyte matures in ovary, oocyte ovulates in ovary, oocyte travels down uterine tube (site of fertilization), fertilized egg (ovum) travels to uterus, ovum implants at endometrium

in what ways do we get protection from these two barrier methods: condoms and diaphragm

Prevent semen (including sperm) from reaching the oocyte which prevents pregnancy

Is female tubal ligation a pre or post fertilization method

pre fertilization because it prevents sperm from reaching oocyte

IUD (intrauterine device) comes in two forms copper and hormonal differentiate

Copper IUD is toxic to sperm and prevents sperm from reaching oocyte (pre fertilization) while hormonal IUD releases prostatic progesterone that can either cause thickening of cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching oocyte (pre fertilization) or thinning of uterine to prevent implantation (post fertilization)

In what ways do these two barriers (diaphragm and condom) differ

Only condoms provide protection from STIs

define STD

Infectious diseases spread through sexual contact

high estrogen and progesterone levels have a negative effect on FSH and LH, what is effect of low FSH and LH on ovulation

Ovulation will not occur because it relies on LH surge

ovulation relies on

luteinizing hormone surge

Which birth control method discussed for men or for women, would be effective in lowering the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), gonorrhea, HPV, Chlamydia and syphilis as well as preventing pregnancy?

Abstinence

Gardasil is a new vaccine to prevent contracting HPV (human papilloma virus). Less HPV spreading around would decrease the amount of what type of: STD and cancer

Genital warts; anal, vaginal, cervical

Men and women with Chlamydia are often asymptomatic (without symptoms) and unknowingly spread Chlamydia for years to many others without knowing it.

o For the female, what can be the end result of a silent Chlamydia infection in regards to her own body?

Pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility

Gonorrhea often produces an uncomfortable urethritis in males causing them to seek treatment quickly most often preventing serious harm.

o How does this differ from the common female experience with this STD

Abdominal discomfort, vaginal discharge and abnormal uterine bleeding

describe the steps of oogenesis

oogonia, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, and ovum

describe steps of follicle development

primary follicle, secondary follicle, vesicular canal, corpus luteum

within oogenesis, oogonia goes onto primary oocyte in the

fetus

within oogenesis, which primary oocyte goes onto secondary oocyte

dominant follicle

within oogenesis, ovum (fully developed) only occurs

after fertilization

after egg has ovulated, whatever is left is follicular remnants that form

corpus luteum

contrastly to GnRH effects on testosterone, LH has [direct/indirect] pathway while FSH has [direct/indirect] on estrogen

indirect; direct

corpus luteum is a structure that

releases hormones to keep endometrium thick to allow for egg implantation and promote pregnancy before placenta takes over

GnHR is released from the hypothalamus that acts on ant pituitary and releases LH and FSH to increase estrogen; give pathway for LH (indirect pathway)

theca cells activate granulosa cells that secrete estrogen that promotes oogenesis and ovulation

GnHR is released from the hypothalamus that acts on ant pituitary and releases LH and FSH to increase estrogen; give pathway for FSH (direct pathway)

granulosa cells produce estrogen that promotes oogenesis and ovulation

negative feedback loop (with increasing LH or FSH levels) causes a drop in FSH, which follicle survives this

dominant follicle

with the dominant follicle that survives due to drop in FSH, this produces an increase in estrogen through which feedback loop that targets hypothalamus and ant pituitary

positive

the dominant follicle stimulates estrogen release from positive feedback which targets hypothalamus and ant pituitary which causes __ that directs ovulation

LH surge

no LH surge means

no ovulation

with baby, corpus luteum persists because of

human chorionic gonadatropin (released by embryo)

with no baby, what happens to corpus luteum

degenerates at 10 days, hormones decrease and menstruation occurs

corpus luteum triggers negative feedback mechanism via production of progesterone, estrogen and inhibin that do what

maintains endometrial lining for implant; prevent another ovulation