Roman Art and Archaeology Final
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185 Terms
Colosseum
When was the Colosseum dedicated?
80 CE
What was the Colosseum formerly known as?
The Flavian Ampitheater
Which emperor began the Colosseum?
Vespasian
Which emperor finished the Colosseum?
Titus
How many years did the Colosseum take to build?
9 years
How many people does the Colosseum hold?
50,000
How many arches are around the Colosseum?
80
How many walls does an amphitheater have?
2 - both sides
Where is the Colosseum?
In the middle of the Domus Aurea
Why was the Colosseum built?
For the people (Nero built for himself, Flavians built for the people)
What is the Ludus Magnus?
Practice area for the Colosseum, East and connected by tunnels underground
Where was the earliest amphitheater?
Pompeii
When was the earliest amphitheater from?
70 BCE
What was the emperor’s box in the Colosseum called?
Pulvinar
What were the beast and hunt games in the Colosseum called?
Venatio
What were the men who fought beasts in the Colosseum called?
Bestiarii
What was execution by animals in the Colosseum called?
Damnatio ad bestias
What were the underground parts of the Colosseum called?
Hypogeum
What were the naval battles in the Colosseum called?
Naumachia
Who did Nerva choose as the next emperor?
Trajan
When did Trajan rule?
98-117 CE
Where did Trajan come from?
Spain
Under who’s reign did the empire reach its largest extent?
Trajan
What modern city did the Dacian wars take place in?
Romania
When was the first Dacian war?
101-102 CE
How did the first Dacian war end?
With a treaty
When was the second Dacian war?
105-106 CE
How did the second Dacian war end?
With annexation
Where is the Trajan bridge?
Over the Danube River
What is the trophy monument in Dacia called?
Tropaeum Traiaini
When was the Forum of Trajan dedicated?
112 CE
How were the Trajan Baths heated?
Hypocaust system
Who built the biggest forum?
Trajan
When was the Great Trajanic Frieze built?
117-120 CE
When was the column of Trajan built?
113 CE
When did Hadrian rule?
117-138 CE
Who was the first Roman emperor with a beard?
Hadrian
Which emperor was adopted by Trajan?
Hadrian
What was the reasoning behind emperors with beards?
Greek and wise (philosophers)
When was the Pantheon made?
118-128 CE
What does Pantheon mean?
All Gods
Where is the Pantheon?
Campus Martius
What is the hole in the ceiling of the Pantheon called?
Oculus
Why is there an oculus in the Pantheon?
So Gods can look in and for light
When did Antinous die?
130 CE
Who was Antinous?
Hadrian’s younger “friend”
Where was Antinous from?
Northwestern Turkey
What happened to Hadrian when Antinous died?
He publicly mourned and had many statues made of him
Who is Galen?
Major doctor
When was Galen alive?
129-200 CE
When was the “Bar Khokba” revolt?
132-135 CE
What happened in the Bar Khokba revolt?
Hadrian built a temple (Aelia Capitolina) and forbid Jews from coming back to Jerusalem
When did statues start getting drilled eyes?
After Hadrian
When was Hadrian’s Mausoleum made?
125-140 CE
Who did Hadrian adopt?
Antoninus Pius
Who did Antoninus adopt?
Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius
When did Antoninus Pius reign?
138-161 CE
When did Lucius Verus reign?
161-169 CE
When did Marcus Aurelius reign?
161-180 CE
Who was Commodus the son of?
Marcus Aurelius
When did Commodus reign?
180-192 CE
How did Lucius Verus die?
Antonine plague
When was the Antonine plague?
165-166 CE
Who is Asklepios?
Healing God, son of Apollo
Who is Hygieia?
Daughter of Asklepios
What was likely under the foot of the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius?
Barbarian
When was the temple of Antoninus and Faustina built?
141-161 CE
When was the column of Marcus Aurelius made?
182-193 CE
Who did Commodus like getting portrayed as?
Hercules
When did Septimius Severus rule?
193-211 CE
When did Caracalla rule?
211-217 CE
Who was Caracalla the son of?
Septimius Severus and Julia Domna
Who did Septimius Severus look like?
Serapis God
What was the image of Septimius Severus’ coins?
Family
Who was Geta?
Caracalla’s brother, Severus’ son
What happened to Geta?
Killed with damnatio memoriae
When was the arch of Septimius Severus dedicated?
203 CE
When were the baths of Caracalla made?
216 CE
Which century had so many emperors that almost all got murdered?
3rd century
When did Valerian rule?
253-260 CE
When did Aurelian rule?
270-275 CE
When was the Aurelian wall built?
271-275 CE
What was the hometown of Septimius Severus?
Leptis Magna - Libya
Who was Zenobia?
Queen of Palmyra
When did Zenobia rule?
268-272 CE (Palmyra)
What modern day country is Palmyra in?
Syria
When did Diocletian rule?
283-305 CE
What year did Diocletian set up the tetrarchy?
293 CE
Who was Diocletian’s caesar?
Galerius
Who was Maximian’s caesar?
Constantius I
What section did Diocletian and Galerius rule?
East
What section did Maximian and Constantius I rule?
West
When was the Porphyry made?
300 CE
Where is the Porphyry from?
Constantinople, Istanbul
When was the Dura Europas destroyed?
256 CE
Where was the Dura Europas?
By the Euphrates River
What hat did people who practiced Mithras wear?
Smurf hat
Who reorganized provinces?
Diocletian