Asthma and COPD (1)

Asthma

A reversible airways disease characterized by bronchoconstriction and inflammation with increased mucous production.

Bronchoconstriction

The contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, leading to narrowed airways.

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a non-reversible airways disease including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Bronchodilators

Medications that relax bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation.

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Anti-inflammatory medications used as maintenance therapy in asthma, such as fluticasone and budesonide.

Short acting beta-adrenergic agonists

A type of bronchodilator used for quick relief of asthma symptoms, e.g., albuterol.

Mast cell stabilizers

Medications like cromolyn that prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.

Long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists (LABAs)

Medications such as formoterol and salmeterol used for prolonged bronchodilation.

Immunomodulators

Medications like Fasenra and Dupixent that modify immune responses in severe asthma.

Emphysema

A condition that usually represents end-stage COPD, characterized by the destruction of alveoli.

Oxygen therapy

A treatment required in late-stage or end-stage COPD.

Combination therapy

The use of two or more medications together to enhance therapeutic outcomes, such as Advair and Symbicort.

Triggers of asthma exacerbation

Factors like viral infections, allergens, pollution, and stress that can worsen asthma symptoms.

Delivery systems for inhalational agents

Devices such as metered dose inhalers (MDIs), spacers, and nebulizers used for administering asthma medications.

Chronic bronchitis

A component of COPD involving chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to mucus production.

Alveolus

The tiny air sac in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.