Unit 4 Quiz Reveiw

How do autotrophs acquire energy?

Autotrophs store chemical energy in carbohydrate food molecules they build themselves.

How do heterotrophs acquire energy?

Heterotrophs cannot make their own food, so they must eat or absorb it.

What is the importance of detritivores (decomposers) in a food chain/food web?

Decomposers break down the remains of a decaying organic matter and recycle the vital nutrients into the soil.

How are photosynthesis and chemosynthesis the same?

Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are both processes by which organisms produce food.

How are photosynthesis and chemosynthesis different?

Photosynthesis is powered by sunlight while chemosynthesis runs on chemical energy.

What does an energy pyramid show?

An energy pyramid shows the flow of energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

What does the energy pyramid shape used for?

A pyramid shape is used because energy is lost at each trophic level when organisms use it up.

What is a producer?

an organism which produces its own food through photosynthesis.

What is a consumer?

 an organism which does not make its own food but must get its energy from eating a plant or animal. 

What is a detritivore?

an organism that eats non living plant and animal remains.

What is a omnivore?

an organism that regularly consumes a variety of material, including plants, animals, algae, and fungi.

What is a herbivore?

an organism that eats mainly plants and other producers.

How is energy transferred through ecosystems?

The energy source is captured and converted into the biomass of the primary producers. This is then taken in by the consumers and converted into their biomass.

Describe a general energy flow pathway

Solar energy gets taken in by plants, which get eaten by herbivores, then carnivores. All of these die and get taken in by decomposers, which put the nutrients back into the soil for the plants to take back in. At each stage they lose heat from cell respiration.

What are trophic levels?

an organism's position in a food web, determined by the number of energy transfers from primary producers to their current intake level.

What is the biomass pyramid?

The view that each trophic level loses 10% of the energy from the level before it every time there is an interaction.

How does the relationship between predators and prey generates stability over time?

The relationship generates stability by monitoring each other.

What is the difference between predation and parasitism?

Predation is when the predator is very active and uses intense physical effort to catch the prey. Parasitism is when a parasite is generally passive in its progression. 

What is interspecific ? + Example

Interspecific competition occurs between members of different species. Ex. predators of different species might compete for the same prey.

What is intraspecific? + Example

Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species. Ex. two male birds of the same species might compete for mates in the same area.

What is Mutualism? + Example

Both organisms both benefit each other. Ex. Flower gives nectar to a bee, the bee pollinates the flower

What is Commensalism? + Example  

One species benefits, the other is not helped or harmed. Ex. Barnacle hitches a ride on a whale, the whale gets nothing but is not harmed.

What is Parasitism? + Example

One species benefits, the other is harmed. \n Example: A tick feeds on a human and gets nutrients, while the human loses blood and is possibly infected

What is a Habitat?

the general place where an organism lives

What is a Niche?

The range of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce

What is a Keystone species?

Changes in the population of a single species

What is the Competitive exclusion principle?

no two species can occupy the exact same niche in the exact same habitat at the exact same line

What is symbiosis?

Any relationship in which two species live closely together.

What is an organism?

A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.

What is a population?

the complete set group of individuals, whether that group comprises a nation or a group of people with a common characteristic**.**

What is a community?

 a social group whose members have something in common, such as a shared government, geographic location, culture, or heritage.

What is a Ecosystem?

a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life.

What is a Biome?

an area classified according to the species that live in that location.

What is the Biosphere?

the earth

Example(s) of renewable recourse.

Solar energy, Tree, Soil, Grass

Example(s) of nonrenewable recourse.

Oil, Steel, Aluminum, Coal 

What is the goal of agriculture technology?

the goal is to increase food production

What is 1 pro and 1 con of agriculture technology?

 A con is Farm machinery → run on fossil fuels and pollutes. A pro is the irrigation systems.

What is the goal of Alternative Energy Technology?

the goal is to provide “clean” energy to power society without negatively influencing the atmosphere

What is a pro and a con of Alternative Energy Technology?

A pro is decreasing the burning of fossil fuels. A con is it’s expensive 

What is the goal of Industrial Technology?

the goal is increase manufacturing efficiency, transportation, and communication

What is a pro and a con of the Industrial Technology?

A pro is improved communication, faster transportation, and cheaper industries. A con is that the building burn fossil fuels.

What are two key contributors of global warming?

CFCs deplete the ozone layer, allowing more of the Sun’s UV rays to get in. And the burning fossil fuels

What are three ways humans have threaten biodiversity?

The three way humans have threaten biodiversity is Introduction of invasive species, Habitat destruction and fragmentation, and Pollution.

What is Sustainability?

a balance between Earth’s resources, human needs, and the needs of other species.

What is the Ecological (Carbon) Footprint?

the amount of carbon emitted and its environmental impact.

What is the Green House effect?

the normal warming effect when gasses trap heat in the atmosphere.

What is an invasive species?

 Non-native species introduced to an ecosystem that negatively harms it.

For most life on earth, all our usable energy can be traced back to…?

The sun (it’s the ultimate source of energy for most life on earth)

The chemical formula for glucose is: 

C6H12O6

What are the two **reactants** for photosynthesis?

water - H20 and carbon dioxide - CO2

What are the two **products** for photosynthesis?

Glucose - C6H12O6 and oxygen - O2

What is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs?

the chloroplast

The --- is where chlorophyll is stored. 

grana

The --- is where the glucose is created. 

stroma

The  -**--** is the place where the part of photosynthesis that requires light occurs. 

grana

The **---** is where the Calvin cycle occurs. 

stoma

The ---- is the part that uses carbon dioxide to create a glucose molecule. 

stroma

The --- is the part that splits water, and releases oxygen air as a byproduct.

grana