ATP, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Fermentation

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing cellular energy, ATP conversion, photosynthesis, cellular respiration stages, and fermentation based on handwritten quick notes.

ATP

Energy that the cell can use, consisting of 3 phosphates.

ATP -> ADP

The reaction process in which energy is released.

ADP -> ATP

The reaction process in which energy is stored.

Photosynthesis

Process occurring in the chloroplast to make glucose, defined by the equation $CO_2 + H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow \text{glucose} + O_2$.

Light reactions

Photosynthesis reactions occurring in the thylakoid that produce $\text{ATP} + \text{NADPH} + O_2$.

Calvin Cycle

Stage of photosynthesis occurring in the stroma that makes glucose.

Cellular Respiration

Process occurring mostly in the mitochondria that breaks down glucose to make ATP, defined by the equation $\text{glucose} + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + H_2O + \text{ATP}$.

Glycolysis

Step 1 of cellular respiration taking place in the cytoplasm that splits glucose and yields $+2\text{ ATP}$.

Krebs

Step 2 of cellular respiration taking place in the matrix that produces $CO_2 + 2\text{ ATP}$.

ETC

Step 3 of cellular respiration taking place in the inner membrane that requires $O_2$ and yields the most ATP.

Fermentation

Process that happens when there is not enough $O_2$, allowing glycolysis to continue.

Lactic acid

The byproduct of fermentation produced in humans when there is not enough $O_2$.

Ethanol + CO2

The byproducts of fermentation produced in yeast when there is not enough $O_2$.