Prokaryotic Cell Structures: Cytoplasm and Inclusion Bodies

A set of flashcards covering prokaryotic cytoplasm, nucleoid characteristics, ribosome types, and various specialized inclusion bodies used for storage and fixation.

What is the composition and consistency of the cytoplasm in prokaryotes?

The cytoplasm is a thick gel-like structure composed of $85\%$ water, salts, and proteins; it is more gel-like than the cytoplasm found in eukaryotes.

What are the primary features of the DNA in the prokaryotic nucleoid region?

The nucleoid contains circular DNA, lacks a nucleus, contains no histones, and serves as the "control Center" of the cell.

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in size according to their sedimentation coefficients?

Prokaryotic ribosomes are $70S$ (smaller), whereas eukaryotic ribosomes are $80S$ (larger).

What is the function of ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell?

Ribosomes are protein factories and the site of protein synthesis.

What are inclusion bodies?

Inclusion bodies are storage units or structures inside the cell used for storage, survival, and special functions.

What do metachromatic granules store?

They store phosphate.

What is the function of polysaccharide granules and what is a common example?

They store energy, and glycogen is a common example.

What is an example of a lipid inclusion and what is it used for?

An example is PHB (poly hydroxybutyrate), which is a type of oil used to store energy.

What is the purpose of sulfur granules in a prokaryotic cell?

They serve as energy reserves.

What enzyme is contained in carboxysomes and what is its specific purpose?

Carboxysomes contain the enzyme Rubis Co (ribulose 1,5-diphosphate -carboxylase), which is used for $CO_2$ fixation.