SMT 301 Functional Groups

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Alcohol

“-OH” = hydroxyl

IUPAC “-ol”

Aromatic Alcohol

IUPAC “-phenol” (OH attached to aromatic molecule)

IUPAC “-diol”

compound with TWO hydroxyl groups

Ether

bridged oxygen

IUPAC “shortest chain base-’oxy’-longest chain base”

EX. methoxy methane, 2-ethoxy ethanol

Aldehyde

“-CHO” (double bond to O)

IUPAC “-al”

EX. ethanal, 2-chloropentanal, methanal (formaldehyde)

Ketone

\-CO or C=O

IUPAC “-one”

EX. pentanone, butanone

Propanone (ketone)

Cyclopentanone (ketone)

3-methyl-2-butanone (ketone)

Methanal (aldehyde)

AKA formaldehyde

Ethanal (aldehyde)

2-chloropentanal (aldehyde)

methoxy methane (ether)

methoxy ethane (ether)

2-methoxy hexane (ether)

2- ethoxy ethanol (ether)

Carboxylic Acid

\-COOH

Ester

\-CO2-

Amine

nitrogen w/ THREE things bonded to it (3 single bonds)

Nitrile

\-CN

Amide

C=O AND N present

Saponification

split with water and __base__

ester → carboxylate + alcohol

(react w H2O and NaOH)

Hydrolysis

split with water and __acid__

(H2O and H2SO4)

Addition

two compounds combined, __NO__ byproduct

Condensation

two compounds combined with H2O as a __byproduct__