28 CDF

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progressivism (c)

A largely middle-class movement that aimed to use the power of government to correct the economic and social problems of industrialism. (c)

Muckrackers (c)

Popular journalists who used publicity to expose corruption and attack abuses of power in business and government. (c)

The “initiave” (c)

Progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and propose legislation themselves. (c)

The “recall” (c)

Progressive device that would enable voters to remove corrupt or ineffective officials from office. (c)

Square Deal (c)

Roosevelt's policy of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing evenhandedly with both labor and business. (c)

Hepburn Act (c)

Effective railroad-regulation law of 1906 that greatly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission. (c)

Triangle Short-waist Comp. Fire (c)

Disastrous industrial fire of 1911 that spurred workmen's compensation laws and some state regulation of wages and hours in New York. (c)

The Jungle (c)

Upton Sinclair's novel that inspired proconsumer federal laws regulating meat, food, and drugs. (c)

Women’s Christian Temp. Movement (c)

Powerful women's reform organization led by Frances Willard. (c)

Roosevelt Panic (c)

Brief but sharp economic downturn of 1907, blamed by conservatives on the supposedly dangerous president. (c)

Dollar Diplomacy (c)

Generally unsuccessful Taft foreign policy in which government attempted to encourage overseas business ventures. (c)

Standard Oil Company (c)

Powerful corporation broken up by a Taft-initiated antitrust suit in 1911. (c)

Thorstein Veblen (d)

Eccentric economist who criticized the wealthy for "conspicuous consumption" and failure to serve real human needs. (d)

Lincoln Steffens (d)

Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in many American cities. (d)

Ida Tarbell (d)

Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company's abuse of power. (d)

Seventeenth Amendment (d)

Progressive measure that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by the people rather than by state legislatures. (d)

Robert La Follette (d)

The most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912. (d)

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire (d)

New York City disaster that underscored urban workers' need for government protection. (d)

Anthracite coal strike (d)

Dangerous labor conflict resolved by Rooseveltian negotiation and threats against business people. (d)

Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (d)

Progressive law aimed at curbing practices like those exposed in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. (d)

Muller v. Oregon (d)

Case that upheld protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness. (d)

William Howard Taft (d)

Politically inept inheritor of the Roosevelt legacy who ended up allied with the reactionary Republican "Old Guard”. (d)

Lochner v. New York (d)

Supreme court ruling that overturned progressive law mandating a ten-hour workday. (d)

Gifford Pinchot (d)

Proconservation federal official whose dismissal by Taft angered Roosevelt progressives. (d)

Old-time Populists, muckraking journalists, social-gospel ministers, and European socialist immigrants (f)

Provided the pioneering forces who laid the foundations for the Progressive movement. (f)

Progressive concern about political corruption (f)

Led to reforms like the initiative, referendum, and direct election of senators. (f)

Governors like Robert La Follette (f)

Led the way in using universities and regulatory agencies to pursue progressive goals. (f)

Roosevelt's threat to seize the anthracite coal mines (f)

Forced a compromise settlement of a strike that threatened the national well. being. (f)

Settlement Houses and women's clubs (f)

Served as the launching pads for widespread female involvement in progressive reforms. (f)

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (f)

Outraged consumers and led to the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. (f)

Roosevelt's personal interest in conservation (f)

Ended the era of uncontrolled exploitation of nature and involved the federal government in preserving natural resources. (f)

Taft's political mishandling of tariff and conservation policies (f)

Incensed pro-Roosevelt progressives and increased their attacks on the Republican "Old Guard'. (f)

Russia's and Japan's hostility to an American role in China (f)

Made Taft' dollar-diplomacy policy a failure. (f)

Roosevelt's feeling that he was cheated out of the Republican nomination by the Taft machine (f)

Laid the basis for a third-party crusade in the election of 1912. (f)