The State of the Earth in The Anthropocene

These flashcards cover key concepts related to climate change and its impacts as discussed in the lecture on 'The State of the Earth in The Anthropocene'.

What is the current unprecedented trend regarding greenhouse gases?

Greenhouse gases are increasing rapidly and the rate of increase is unprecedented.

What global phenomenon cannot be explained only by natural mechanisms?

The current rate of warming.

What organization assesses the most recent scientific information on climate change?

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

How much faster is the Arctic warming compared to the rest of the planet?

The Arctic is warming four times faster than the rest of the planet.

What feedback mechanisms contribute to Arctic melting?

Warming temperatures are melting Arctic sea ice from above, warming seas are melting the Arctic from the bottom-up, and positive feedbacks are involved.

What is the Albedo Effect?

Albedo is an expression of the ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight.

What is the significance of melting permafrost?

Thawing permafrost releases vast quantities of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

Why is there an urgent need to reduce emissions?

To mitigate the acceleration of global warming and the severity of its impacts.

What are some consequences of rising sea levels?

Thermal expansion and melting of glaciers and land-based ice caps.

What extreme weather events are increasing due to climate change?

Heatwaves, droughts, and wildfires.

What impact does ocean warming have on hurricanes?

Warmer oceans can fuel hurricanes, as seen with Hurricane Harvey.

What is the impact of ocean acidification on marine life?

Ocean acidification dissolves calcium-based shells, threatening marine biodiversity.

What is the significance of Greenland's and Antarctica's ice loss?

It contributes significantly to rising sea levels.

How does climate change affect the jet stream?

A weak polar vortex allows cold Arctic air to dip into mid-latitudes, altering weather patterns.

What does the quote "Things that normally happen in geologic time are happening during the span of a human lifetime" imply?

It emphasizes the rapid changes occurring in the climate due to anthropogenic factors.