Spring 2025 Final Exam Review Advanced English 2

Ethos

A rhetorical appeal to credibility and character, often used to persuade an audience by establishing trust in the speaker or writer.

Pathos

a mode of persuasion that appeals to the audience's emotions.

Logos

A rhetorical appeal to logic and reason, used to persuade an audience by presenting clear and logical arguments.

Antithesis

A rhetorical device that contrasts opposing ideas, typically within a balanced grammatical structure, to highlight differences and create a striking effect.

Concession

a rhetorical strategy where one acknowledges opposing viewpoints or arguments, often to strengthen their own position.

Allusion

A reference to a person, place, event, or literary work, used to convey deeper meaning or context without explicit explanation.

Syllogism

A form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions (premises), typically in a logical structure.

Use of personal plural pronouns

to create a sense of inclusivity and connection with the audience.

Counterargument

An opposing viewpoint or argument presented in response to a claim, used to address and refute potential objections.

Facts as evidence

The use of data or information to support an argument or claim in persuasive writing.

Association with relevant authorities

the act of connecting ideas to established principles or experts to strengthen an argument.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences, often used for emphasis in rhetoric.

Alliteration

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words, often used for effect in poetry and prose.

Metaphor

A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, suggesting they are similar in a meaningful way without using "like" or "as."

Refutation

The process of disproving an argument or claim by presenting evidence or reasoning that contradicts it.

Simile

A figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things using "like" or "as" to highlight a similarity.

Diction

The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing, particularly in relation to style, tone, and effectiveness.

Irony

A literary device where the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often highlighting contrasts between expectation and reality.

Personification

The attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities or abstract concepts.

Free verse

A form of poetry that does not adhere to a specific meter or rhyme scheme, allowing for greater flexibility and expression.

Onomatopoeia

The formation of a word by imitating the sound associated with it, such as "buzz" or "clang."

Oxymoron

A figure of speech in which contradictory terms appear in conjunction, such as 'deafening silence' or 'bittersweet'.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences, often used for emphasis.

Meter

The rhythmic structure of verses in poetry, determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Tone

The general character or attitude of a piece of writing, which is conveyed through word choice and stylistic elements.

Paradox

A statement that seems contradictory or opposed to common sense but may nonetheless be true, often used to provoke thought and illustrate complexities.

Enjambment

The continuation of a sentence or clause across a line break in poetry, which creates a sense of urgency or forward momentum.

Fatal flaw

A character's critical weakness that leads to their downfall in a narrative, often emphasizing tragic themes.

Creon

A character in Sophocles' "Antigone," who embodies the traits of pride and rigidity, leading to his tragic downfall.

Antigone

The protagonist of Sophocles' play, who defies Creon's edict to bury her brother, showcasing themes of loyalty, moral duty, and the struggle against authority.

Haimon

Creon's son and Antigone's fiancé, who struggles between his loyalty to his father and his love for Antigone, ultimately leading to tragic consequences.

Eurydice

Creon's wife who tragically takes her own life after learning of her son's death, highlighting themes of loss and despair.

Ismene

Antigone's sister who contrasts with her by being more cautious and obedient to the law, representing themes of fear and conformity.

Tiresias

A blind prophet who foresees the tragic outcomes of Creon's decisions and serves as a voice of reason in Sophocles' play.

Polyneices

The brother of Antigone who leads an attack against Thebes, often seen as a symbol of conflict and the consequences of familial loyalty.

Eteocles

The brother of Antigone and Polyneices, who defends Thebes and symbolizes the struggle for power and the burden of leadership.

Chorus + choragos (role of the chorus)

The Chorus in Greek tragedy serves as a commentator on the action, expressing collective thoughts and emotions, while the Choragos is the leader of the Chorus who often interacts with the characters.

Oedipus

A tragic figure in Greek mythology who unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother, representing the themes of fate and tragedy.

Dionysus

The Greek god of wine, fertility, and theater, often associated with ecstasy and ritual madness, who was central to the performance of tragedies and comedies in ancient Greece.

hubris

Excessive pride or self-confidence that often leads to a character's downfall, commonly explored in Greek tragedies.