medicine key people

hippocrates

4 humours- black bile, yellow bile, blood and water

galen

discovered arteries carry blood

john of ardene

1800s stopped cauterisation, developed a pain-killing ointment

vesalius

found out there’s no holes in the heart and made a complete map of the human body- de humani corporis fabrica in 1543

pare

invented ligatures in 1564 and his own ointment for cauterised wounds which healed them faster

harvey

found out the circulation of blood and that it wasn’t used as a fuel in 1616

thomas sydenham

recognised symptoms of epidemics and classified illnesses correctly in 1600s

florence nightingale

nurse in 1853-56 crimean war who preached hygiene and lowered the death rate from 42% to 2%

john hunter

dissected bodies and could perform operations no one else could e.g amputations in 1785

edward jenner

made the first vaccine in 1796 for small pox

james simpson

made the first effective anaesthetic and called it chloroform in 1847

louis pasteur

discovered germs caused disease not the other way around by pasteurisation in 1861

robert koch

in 1876 he discovered certain germs would cause certain diseases by staining and growing germs and infecting mice

joseph lister

realised operations would go well if there was no infection in 1867 so sprayed carboxylic acid during the surgery

edwin chadwick

asked to investigate living conditions and health of the poor, suggested washing the sewage from the streets into the thames because of miasma in 1843, which actually made cholera worse

john snow

in 1854 he mapped the deaths from cholera and found they had all drunk from a certain pump, no one from the brewery died as drunk beer became father of epidemiology

alexander Fleming

accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928

florey and chain

carry out first human trials of penicillin in 1941

paul ehrlich

discovered first magic bullet salvarsan 606 in 1909 which treated syphilis

aneurin bevan

founded the nhs in 1948

Joseph Bazalgette

reinvented the sewage system in london in the 1800s after the great stink

watson and crick

discovered dna in 1953