Social Studies Fourth Quarter

Governance

process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented).

Good governance

relates to the political and institutional processes and outcomes that are necessary to achieve the goals of development

Civic Engagement

working to make a difference in the civic life of our communities and developing the combination of knowledge, skills, values, and motivations to make that difference.

Civic Values

include dispositions such as respect for freedom and dignity, empathy, open-mindedness, tolerance, justice, promoting equality, integrity, and responsibility to a larger good.

Citizenship

process whereby an individual and the collaborative group become responsibly connected to the community and society through the leadership development activity.

civic skills

• Critical inquiry, analysis, and reasoning.

• Quantitative reasoning.

• Gathering and evaluation of multiple sources of evidence

• Seeking, engaging, and being informed by multiple perspectives

• Written, oral, and multi-media communication

• Deliberation and bridge building across differences

• Collaborative decision making

• Ability to communicate in multiple languages

your duties

respect the flag

respect the rights of others

be a productive citizen

use public facilities properly

obey laws of the government and cooperate with its programs

Civic Efficacy

Peoples’ readiness & openness of heart in accomplishing their duties as community members to effect change in society

effects of Civic Efficacy

people are given the chance to participate and help in the implementation of government programs

helps in transforming citizens to create productive individuals and fosters an atmosphere of unity and camaraderie

Discrimination

unfair/prejudicial treatment of ppl and grps based on race, gender, age, or sexual orientation (APA, 2022).

intended/accomplished differential treatment of persons or social grps for reasons of certain generalized traits (Heitmeyer, W. et.al., 2024)

DIRECT DISCRIMINATION

explicit distinction made between grps of ppl that result in individuals from some grps being less able than others to exercise their rights. 

ex: law that requires women, and not men, to provide proof of a certain lvl of education as a prerequisite for voting = direct discrimination on the grounds of sex.

INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION

a law, policy, or practice is presented in neutral terms (no explicit distinctions made) but disproportionately disadvantages a specific grp/s.

ex: law that requires everyone to provide proof of a certain lvl of education as a prerequisite for voting = indirectly discriminatory effect on any grp that’s less likely to have achieved that level of education (like disadvantaged ethnic groups or women).

INTERSECTIONAL DISCRIMINATION

several forms of discrimination combine to leave a particular grp/s at an even greater disadvantage.

ex: discrimination against women = paid less than men for the same work.

Discrimination against ethnic minority = members of that group being paid less than others for the same work.

Where women from a minority group are paid less than other women and less than men from the same minority group, they are suffering from intersectional discrimination on the grounds of their sex, gender and ethnicity.

Philippines

• ranked 16 in 2020 Global Gender Gap Index.

• lower ranking bcs non-existence of national laws recognizing and protecting the non-binary.

Anti-discriminatory ordinances

passed in Quezon City, Angeles City, Bacolod City, Cebu, & Davao

Marriage

union of man & woman under the RP Family Code

DSWD

allows an adoption by a single LGBT person

State of the Nonbinary

Legal acquisition of conjugal property is another challenge.

Other challenges - hospital & prison visitations, medical & burial decisions, children’s custody, insurances, and pensions

Countries that recognize legal union of the nonbinary

Costa Rica, Ecuador, Australia, Colombia, Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Spain, UK, USA, and South Africa

Religions in the Philippines

highly influence the views on nonbinary

Catholics - 80% of population.

book Homosexuality and the Catholic Church

in this, homosexuality is defined as attraction to a person of the same sex.

There are texts from the Holy Scripture that supports the view of the Catholic Church on homosexuality like the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.

Iglesia ni Cristo and Islam

views homosexual acts & identities not acceptable ← haram “sinful”  in Islam.

Citizenship

status of being a citizen of a particular country

relationship between an individual and a state

relationship between an individual and a state

individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to protection

Article IV, 1987 Philippine Constitution, Section 1

states conditions that qualify as a Filipino citizen

1. those who are ph citizens at the time the 1987 constitution was adopted

2. fathers/mothers are ph citizens

3. those born b4 January 17, 1973 of ph mothers, who elect ph citizenship upon age of majority (21)

4. those who are naturalized in accordance w/ law

Filipinos’ idea of citizenship

rooted in native traditions (panghimanwa and pagdumalahan)

panghimanwa

town leadership

pangdumalahan

governance and ruling the country

concept of the banwa

its equivalent of the town, plus ili, balen, and bongto

where governance, administration and leadership become central to the support systems

Article IV, 1987 Philippine Constitution, Section 2

Natural-born citizens Ph citizens from birth w/o having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their citizenship

Those who elect Ph citizenship in accordance w/ paragraph (3), Section 1 shall be deemed natural-born citizens

Article IV, 1987 Philippine Constitution, Section 3

Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided

Article IV, 1987 Philippine Constitution, Section 4

Ph citizens who marry aliens retain their citizenship, unless by their act or omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

Article IV, 1987 Philippine Constitution, Section 5

Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.

Jus Sanguinis

“Right of blood”

person acquires the citizenship of their parents, regardless of birthplace

citizenship based on blood relationships with one’s natural parents

Since 1935 Constitution, Philippines adhered to the ‘jus sanguine’ principle

Jus Soli

“Right of soil”

a person acquires the citizenship of the state of his birth, regardless of parents’ citizenship

citizenship based on the place or soil of one’s birth

Republic Act 9225 (RA 9225)

Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003 or Dual Citizenship Law

allows natural-born Filipinos who are naturalized citizens of another country to retain or re-acquire their Ph citizenship

upon reaquiring ph citizenship, ppl enjoy full civil and political rights as filipinos subject to certain??

citizenship lost by

naturalization in a foreign country;

express renunciation of citizenship;

subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or laws of a foreign country upon attaining 21yrs old or ???

accepting commission in the military, naval or air service of a foreign country;

having been a deserter of the Philippine army, navy or air corps in time of war.

Marriage to a foreigner if, by virtue of the law in force in her husband's country, she acquires (mandatory citizenship)

Oath of Allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines

I, (name), solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and obey the laws and legal orders promulgated by the duly constituted authorities of the Philippines; and I hereby declare that I recognize and accept the supreme authority of the Philippines and will maintain true faith and allegiance thereto; and that I impose this obligation upon myself voluntarily without mental reservation or purpose of evasion.

Characteristics and Traits of a Filipino

Sense of gratitude especially with celebrations.

Resilient and adaptable with challenges and circumstances.

Persistent and creative even with limited resources.

Caring and hospitable especially to those in need.

Types of Citizenship

participatory citizenship

Personally responsible

Justice-oriented citizenship

participatory citizenship

abt knowing & exercising one’s rights & becoming part of the process in helping the state achieve the best of its ppl.

Personally responsible

Someone who knows the character & traits needed to be a good citizen.

Someone who is well grounded, honest, and responsible

Justice-oriented citizenship

ppl who prioritize the plight of others and has a strong drive to work & serve the underprivileged.

Civil Participation

involvement of the citizens in activities and personal advocacies

Civil Participation organizations

schools, community, associations, religious grps, community parish, interest grps

Civic Engagement

more structured involvement that caters to a greater participation of the public or the constituents for the improvement of governance

Civic Engagement exemples

city council hearings, consultative hearings, community grp protest, lobbying, protest and demonstrations, service leadership

Ingredients for Active Citizenship

power

imagination

collective character

power

something that can be democratize to benefit the marginalized sector and those in the minority

imagination

In civic life, it is the duty of everyone to imagine the possibility of future interdependence and ecosystemic view, the institutionalization of empathy & common

collective character

values, norms, and behaviors of a prosocial contributor to a collective & a member of a greater body

Competencies & Skills for Active Citizenship

acquiring and using information

assessing involvement

making decisions

making judgements

communicating

cooperating

promoting interests

Models for Civic Engagement

Responsible Use of the Internet and Social Network

Social Networking Sites as a Platform

Building Partnerships for Learning and Action

Citizens Watch