Meds

Aspirin

MOA: Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), leading to decreased synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Indication: Pain relief, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and prevention of cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke). Contraindications: Active bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, and known hypersensitivity.

Metformin

MOA: Decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity, and enhances peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Indication: Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Contraindications: Severe renal impairment, acute or chronic metabolic acidosis.

Lisinopril

MOA: Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), reducing the formation of angiotensin II and resulting in vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Indication: Hypertension, heart failure, and post-myocardial infarction. Contraindications: History of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor use, pregnancy.

Atorvastatin

MOA: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, thereby lowering LDL cholesterol levels. Indication: Hyperlipidemia, prevention of cardiovascular disease. Contraindications: Active liver disease, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.

Omeprazole

MOA: Inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in the gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion. Indication: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease. Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to omeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors.

Simvastatin

MOA: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, leading to decreased levels of LDL cholesterol. Indication: Hyperlipidemia, prevention of cardiovascular events. Contraindications: Active liver disease, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.

Amlodipine

MOA: Calcium channel blocker that relaxes blood vessels to allow easier blood flow. Indication: Hypertension, angina. Contraindications: Severe hypotension, aortic stenosis.

Losartan

MOA: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that helps relax blood vessels. Indication: Hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Contraindications: Pregnancy, severe renal impairment.

Gabapentin

MOA: Modulates the release of excitatory neurotransmitters through voltage-gated calcium channel blockade. Indication: Neuropathic pain, seizure disorders. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to gabapentin.

Metoprolol

MOA: Selective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that reduces heart rate and cardiac output. Indication: Hypertension, heart failure, angina, and arrhythmias. Contraindications: Severe bradycardia, heart block, asthma.

Furosemide

MOA: Loop diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle. Indication: Edema associated with heart failure, renal impairment. Contraindications: Anuria, hypersensitivity to furosemide.

Levothyroxine

MOA: Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) that increases metabolic rate and protein synthesis. Indication: Hypothyroidism. Contraindications: Uncorrected adrenal insufficiency, untreated thyrotoxicosis.

Albuterol

MOA: Short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscles. Indication: Asthma, COPD. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to albuterol, severe hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation.

Warfarin

MOA: Vitamin K antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Indication: Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Contraindications: Pregnancy, active bleeding.

Clopidogrel

MOA: Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking the ADP receptor on platelets. Indication: Prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis. Contraindications: Active bleeding, history of stroke.

Cetirizine

MOA: Antihistamine that selectively inhibits peripheral H1 receptors. Indication: Allergic rhinitis, urticaria. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to cetirizine or hydroxyzine.

Hydrochlorothiazide

MOA: Thiazide diuretic that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Indication: Hypertension, edema. Contraindications: Anuria, hypersensitivity to thiazides.

Insulin

MOA: Hormone that allows glucose to enter cells, reducing blood glucose levels. Indication: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Contraindications: Severe hypoglycemia.

Lantus (Glargine Insulin)

MOA: Long-acting insulin that provides a steady release of insulin over 24 hours. Indication: Diabetes management. Contraindications: Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity to insulin glargine.

Zolpidem

MOA: Non-benzodiazepine sedative that acts on GABA receptors. Indication: Insomnia. Contraindications: Sleep apnea, severe respiratory insufficiency.

Venlafaxine

MOA: Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that increases levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. Indication: Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders. Contraindications: MAOI use, uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma.

Duloxetine

MOA: SNRI that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Indication: Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder. Contraindications: Use with MAOIs, severe liver or kidney impairment.

Morphine

MOA: Opioid agonist that binds to mu-opioid receptors in the brain to reduce pain perception. Indication: Severe pain. Contraindications: Severe respiratory depression, acute or severe asthma.

Tramadol

MOA: Centrally acting opioid analgesic that inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Indication: Moderate to moderately severe pain. Contraindications: Significant respiratory depression, acute intoxication with alcohol or CNS depressants.

Nitroglycerin

MOA: Vasodilator that relaxes vascular smooth muscle to reduce myocardial oxygen demand. Indication: Angina pectoris, heart failure. Contraindications: Increased intracranial pressure, use of PDE5 inhibitors in the last 24-48 hours.

Aldactone (Spironolactone)

MOA: Potassium-sparing diuretic that inhibits aldosterone in the distal tubule. Indication: Heart failure, hypertension, and edema. Contraindications: Anuria, hypersensitivity to spironolactone.