APUSH period 8

how does containment affect how the us is viewed globally?

US becomes leader of the free world

some see them as police officers

Joseph McCarthy

WI Senate, anti communist, accused 200 state workers of being communist

McCarthyism

widespread accusations and investigations of suspected Communist activity

who does us give money to regarding foreign affairs

countries that aren’t communist to help protect them from being conquered

(iran, Chile, Nicaragua)

8-9 trillion

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance formed in 1949 by 18 countries, primarily from North America and Western Europe. Its main purpose is to provide collective defense, meaning an attack on one member is considered an attack on all.

SEATO

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, was a military alliance formed in 1954 to counter communist aggression in Southeast Asia

Who developed brinkmanship

John Dulles, secretary of state for IKE

brinkmanship

push confrontation w USSR until they back down

did IKE approve of Brinkmanship

no, liked quiet and highly trained troops

when was brinkmanship used

cuban missile crisis

Post ww2 recession

1946

dip in economy freaked people out- moving about going back to gd

reduced gov spending, high inflation

pent up demand= cars/ things consumers couldn’t buy before

labor unrest- ready to strike after not being able to for so long

general expansion (1945-1972)

GNP grows, low unemployment, low inflation

rapid growth in income

highest living standard in history

dominant economy

reasons for economic prosperity

$$ saved

lack of foreign competition

government spending-federal highway act

suburbs grow-cars

federal highway act

authorized the construction of the Interstate Highway System in the United States

GI bill

gave money to white veterans

helped with secondary education and unemployment

Emmett Till case

kid living in Chicago, goes to meet his family in Mississippi

his friends bet him to whistle at a white woman

white mob beat and kill him

they are presumed innocent

NAACP

oldest justice group (1909)

helps legal battles

SCLC

MLk, Baptist church, non violence passive resistance

CORE/ SNCC

college kids, freedom rides, freedom summer

people from the north coming to south to help

freedom rides

a series of bus trips organized in 1961 to desegregate interstate travel in the South

how long did bus boycotts last

one year, cost city $3000 every day

how long did vietnam last

10 years

grassroot groups

use collective action from volunteers at the local level to implement change at the local, regional, national, or international levels

NAAWP

NAACP but for white people

little rock 9

n September 1957 the school board in Little rock, Arkansas, won a court order to admit nine African American students to Central High a school with 2,000 white students. The governor ordered troops from Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine from entering the school. The next day as the National Guard troops surrounded the school, an angry white mob joined the troops to protest the integration plan and to intimidate the AA students trying to register. The mob violence pushed Eisenhower's patience to the breaking point. He immediately ordered the US Army to send troops to Little Rock to protect and escort them for the full school year.

what war was the first war that us lost

vietnam

what was in-between north and south vietnam

demilitarized zone

south vietnam

anti communist

ngo dinh diem

north Vietnam

communist

ho chi Minh

what two countries does Vietnam spill into

Laos and Cambodia

diems ideals

notdemocratic or communist

us was happy as long as theyre not communist

doesn’t like Buddhism

Vietnam election

UN wanted an election of officials to unite Vietnam, US told south Vietnam to not do it because NV would’ve won

counterinsurgency

as communists gain more power, jfk takes everyone from the countryside to small areas by soldiers

US thought they would be protected, but they actually were put in the line of fire

Gulf of Tonkin

1964

starts the war

LBJ exatrurated the US ship that was bombed by USSR, he goes to Congress and they give him a blank check

Gulf of Tonkin resolution

granted President Lyndon B. Johnson broad authority to take military action in Southeast Asia, specifically in Vietnam, without a formal declaration of war

operation rolling thunder

1965

bombing attacks to destroy the will of the people, cut supplies,destroy the military

why doesn't rolling thunder work

North Vietnam and Vietcong adjust and move supply routes

cold war dates

1940-1991

security council

within the UN, maintains international security

us, gb, France, China, USSR

world bank

origianlly to fund rebuilding of the war-USSR rejected

fight over Germany

USSR want a weak germnay-security

US and Gb want a strong germany- benefits central Europe

Iron Curtain

division between US allies in the west and the soviets in the east

containment policy

stop communism, must challenge aggression

implemented because of communism in Greece and control of turkey

trumann doctrine

truman asks Congress for money to free Greece and turkey

marshall plan

17 billllion recovery pln, money to wesstern Europe over 4 years

the east and USSR don’t want it

federal republic of Germany

west Berlin, us ally

german democratic republic

east, part of soviets

Warsaw pact

military alliance for defence of communism

national security act

centralized department of defense, nsc, cia

agent orange

used to destroy treetops in the forest

powder ends up getting on civilians and causing cancer

war of attrition

search and destroy

nva

north vietnamese army - trained professionals

vietcong

south Vietnamese residents that sympathized with communists, fought against the us

would us babies to lure soldiers and bomb them

1968

year of drastic change

tet offensive

attack by Vietcong on lunar new year

was publicised

us won, but civilians wanted the war to end

vietnamization

us trains south Vietnam soldiers, slowly takes us soldier out

nixon doctrine

from here forward Asian allies will need to take military care of themselves

kent state University protests

protests against the war

national guard comes in , they kill 3 people

pentagon papers

exposes everything that IKE and Nixon did to mislead the public about Vietnam

greens boro sit in

peaceful protests done by core

freedom rides

blacks jump on buses across state lines and test SC unseggregated transportation

SNCC/ CORE

birmingham campaign

MLK and SCLC

used non violence to fight against segrgation- sit-ins, boycotts, marches

MALK in jail- letter from birmingham

controversial strategy used in the birmingham campaign

took kids out of schools knowing that the police would arrest the children while they protested

effect of Birmingham campaign

convinces JFK that something needs to be done- he commits to civil rights

March on Washington

peacfeul

on employment and human rights

I have a dream speech

NSC-88

convinces public that spending money on weapons was vital to form alliances with non communists

openskies policy

allowed to take pictures of opposing nations - USSR and USA

first peace policy of the war, but USSR denied

National Defense Education Act

lots of federal spending towards education

bay of pigs

a failed invasion of Cuba that occurred in April 1961, when a CIA-sponsored paramilitary group of Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro. The invasion aimed to instigate an uprising against Castro's communist regime, but it resulted in a swift defeat for the exiles, highlighting the limitations of U.S. foreign policy and leading to increased tensions during the Cold War.

nuclear test band treaty

end the testing of nuclear weapons

non-proliferation treaty

no helping other nations with atomic bombs

smith act

illegal to advocate the overthrow of government by force

mccarran internal security act

illegal totalitarian government, restricted employment of communists, and required communist organizations to register with the government.

huac

House Un-American Activities Committee, investigated suspected communist activities.

alger hiss case

A high-profile espionage case in the late 1940s where Alger Hiss was accused of being a communist spy and sentenced for perjury, reflecting Cold War tensions.

employment act

a 1946 law aimed at promoting job growth and maintaining high levels of employment in the post-World War II economy.

levittowns

mass produced, low priced homes in NY. Low loans, only for whites

effects of levittowns

were significant in shaping suburban growth, contributing to the post-war housing boom, and perpetuating racial segregation in housing. Cities become slums

sunbelt states

gis go here, shifting tax money to the south, shifts politics

congress in 1946

becomes Republican, try to pass tax cuts for high income

22nd amendment

presidents can only have 2 terms

taft Hartley act

a labor law that restricts the activities and power of labor unions, ensuring workers' rights to refrain from union activities.

fair deal

national health insurance, federal aid to education,and civil rights legislation proposed by President Truman.

Congress blocks most except increase in minimum qas and increase in social security

HEW

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, responsible for federal programs supporting health, education, and social services.

soil-bank program

A federal initiative designed to reduce agricultural production by paying farmers to idle their land, aiming to stabilize crop prices and promote sustainable farming.

1956 highway act

Legislation that authorized the construction of the Interstate Highway System, facilitating transportation and commerce across the United States.

who comes into office after jfk dies

LBJ

LBJ beliefs

government is good, extension of governments

limited civil rights

tax cuts

great society

medicare

medicade

elementary and secondary education act

HUD- cheaper housing

war on poverty

where does LBJ do bad in the polls

new Hampshire

new federalism

return power from federal to state government

and promote state autonomy in funding and policies, including block grants.

watergate

a political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and subsequent cover-up by the Nixon administration.

CREEP

Committee to Reelect the President

saturday night massacre

refers to the events of October 20, 1973, when President Nixon ordered the firing of special prosecutor Archibald Cox, leading to the resignation of the Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General.

carter

1976-1980

democrat

begins to limit great society

human rights guide foreign policy

energy crisis

mailase speech

A speech given by President Carter in July 1979 addressing the energy crisis and expressing discontent over America's declining morale and social issues.

reagan

1980-1988

republican

government is the problem-needs to be limited

supply side economics

reagan cold war

ussr is evil

sdi

sdi

Strategic Defense Initiative, proposed missile defense system to protect the US from nuclear attack.

reagan social

anti porn

anti abortion

prayer in schools

family values