CardioRespiratory Adaptations to Training

Flashcards related to the cardiorespiratory adaptations that occur in the body due to training.

Muscle Capillarization

Increase in number and size of capillaries supplying blood to the muscle. Greater surface area exposed for O2 and CO2 exchange and Decreases diffusion distance.

Renin-Angiotensin System

The kidney responds to the reduced blood flow during exercise as though there is a loss of blood volume. This causes fluid retention.

Hematocrit (Hct)

The percentage of total blood volume taken up by red blood cells (erythrocytes).

Endurance Training

Increases blood volume due to increases in ADH, aldosterone, and plasma proteins cause more fluid to be retained in the blood.

Sympathoadrenal System Activity

The sympathoadrenal system is less active in endurance trained people.

Parasympathetic NS Activity

The Parasympathoadrenal system is more active in endurance trained people

Structural Changes At Rest After Training

Cardiac Hypertrophy (Greater vent. cavity size), Greater Blood Volume, Lower [Hgb], Hct PV increases more than RBC Vol., Greater Capillary Density, Greater PNS (vagal) tone, and Lower SNS influence.

Limitations to VO2 Max

Pulmonary system, Maximum Cardiac Output, Oxygen carrying capacity and Skeletal muscle – Utilization of the Oxygen Different.

Effects of Endurance Training on the Pulmonary System

Lower VE (submax), Lower f, higher TV, air remains in lungs longer between breaths, Greater blood supply, Greater diffusion of gases, Greater O2 extraction, so FEO2 (Fraction of O2 in expired air) is lower (14-15%) in trained vs. untrained (18%), Lower O2 cost of VE, Greater ventilatory endurance and Greater VEmax.

Other Effects of Endurance Training

Improved enzymatic functioning in muscle cells, Lower % Body Fat, Reduced body fat mass, Slightly higher muscle mass (lean body mass), and Reduced strain resulting from psychological stress.