SUMMARY OF REACTIONS FOR CHEM

Hydrogenation (H₂)

• Has syn addition

• H added on same side

Hydrohalogenation (h-X)

• Placing H on LESS substituted carbon

• Theres a hydro.shift/ carbocation

• Mark rule.

Halogenation (X-X)

• Adding 2 halogens

• Anti-addition

• Includes dashes and wedges

• Adding a Halogen on the area where pi bond broke

Halohydration (X-X)

• Includes H₂O or solvent

• Solvent is added to the area with more substituted carbons

• Anti-addiction BUT has Mark.

• Drawing the mol of H₂O to get group that’s left to be added

Acid Catalyzed hydration (H₂O acid catalyst)

• Adding an OH group (tertiary carbon)

• H is added to the LESS substituted carbon

• Another H added to the secondary carbon

Oxymercuration (Hg(oAc)₂ H₂O) and (NaBH₄)

• adding H2O only

• Mark. addition but no rearrangement

• H is added to the LESS substituted carbon

• OH is added to the MORE substituted carbon

Hydroboration (BH_3, THF) and(NaOH, H₂O_2,& H₂O)

• H is added to the MORE substituted carbon

• Anti-Mark

• Alcohol is added to the LESS substituted carbon

  • Butit is added onto the same side(Syn. addition)

• Dashes and Wedges

Alkoxymercuration (Hg(oAc₂) ROH) & (NaBH₄)

• Adding an alkyl chain

• mark addition

• Adding an OR group(Anti mark)

Epoxidation (RCO₃H)

• Has an extra oxygen (CO₃H)

• Syn. addition

• O builds a bridge

Oxidative cleavage

• Pi bond and single bond forms a cleavage

• Draw a line between the 2 carbons together, making O to be placed on either side

• Has 2 reaction types

Cyclopropanation

• Has 2 reaction types

• 3 carbon chain is formed

• 3 halogens in product= cut out 1 H

• 2 halogens in product= cut out both

• Syn additon

Dihydroxydation

• Syn addition

• Reacting with OSO₄

• Adding compounds to the same side

  • (Chirality)

• Dashes and wedges