Reconstruction dates

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52 Terms

1
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13th Amendment passed and signed by Lincoln

January 1865

2
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Establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau

March 1865

3
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Andrew Johnson succeeded Abraham Lincoln

April 1865

4
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Presidential Proclamations on Reconstruction

May 1865

5
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Johnson ordered Howard (Freedman’s Bureau) to return 450,000 acres confiscated by Treasury Dept

June 1865

6
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Ordered Howard to revoke circular 13

July 1865

7
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Connecticut, Wisconsin and Minnesota referendums on extending suffrage to African-Americans. Rejected.

October - November 1865

8
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Mississippi and South Carolina introduce ‘Black codes’

November 1865

9
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Carl Schurz Report on the Situation in the South

November 1865

10
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39th Congress convened

Dec 1865

11
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President Address to Congress ‘Restoration’ complete

Dec 1865

12
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President Address to Congress ‘Restoration’ complete.

Dec 1865

13
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Edward McPherson, clerk of the House read the roll call of Southern representatives not seated. Schulyer Colfax (Republican) elected speaker

Dec 1865

14
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Thaddeus Stevens proposed Joint Committee on Reconstruction. Adopted and a 15-man committee established. 12 Republicans and 3 Democrats. William Pitt Fessenden chairman.

Dec 1865

15
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16
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Governor Perry, South Carolina: “this is a white man’s government”

Dec 1865

17
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Thaddeus Stevens’ reply to Perry, “This is not a white man’s government'“

Dec 1865

18
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Charles Sumner, “Liberty has been won. The battle for equality is still pending”

Dec 1865

19
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27/36 had ratified the 13th amendment by the end of this month

Dec 1865

20
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Lyman Trumbull help to draft Freedman’s Extension Bill and Civil Rights Bill. Sent Johnson copies of both bills.

jan 1866

21
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House and Senate passed Freedman’s Bureau with only a single

jan 1866

22
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Johnson vetoed Freedman’s Bureau bill

Feb 19th 1866

23
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Trumbull: “I thought in advocating it that I was acting in harmony with the views of the President”

feb 1866

24
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Montgomery Ledger, “The south and the government are in the same boat one more time, thank the Gods”

feb 1866

25
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Washington’s Bday celebration

22nd feb 1866

26
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William Pitt Fessenden, “the long agony is over. He has broken the faith betrayed his trust, and must now sink from detestation into contempt”

feb 1866

27
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Civil Rights Bill passed

march 1866

28
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altercation in Memphis between African American Union soldiers and policemen

April 30th 1866

29
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Memphis ‘Riots’

May 1-3 1866

30
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Elihu Washburne - led a congressional investigation. Whites treat Civil Rights Bill “as a dead letter”

may 1866

31
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joint committee on reconstruction took evidence from Custer on violence inflicted on Union soldiers and freed people in Texas

may 1866

32
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Joint Committee suggested a new constitutional Amendment

may 1866

33
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Congress debates the shape of a 14th Amendment. Issue of Black Suffrage divided the Republicans

June 1866

34
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Governor Wells of Louisiana called for a constitutional convention to meet in New Orleans. Suggested that Blacks with property and intelligence should be allowed to vote

July 1866

35
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Henry Warmouth “he intended to beat the rebels and keep them from power” (about Wells)

July 1866

36
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New Orleans Crescent : “it is our general belief, fixed and unalterable, that this country was discovered by white men, [peopled by white men, defended by white men, and owned by white men, and it is our settled purpose that none now but white men shall participate in its government”

July 1866

37
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Mayor John T. Monroe of New Orleans, Louisiana, ordered police to attack a gathering of Black and White Republicans who were meeting to discuss Black suffrage.

July 30 1866

38
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New Orleans Riots

July 30 1866

39
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Andrew Johnson called on Phillip Sheridan to suppress the illegal meeting (republicans meeting in New Orleans to discuss black suffrage)

Son of former Hannibal Hamlin, who was in New Orleans spoke of “wholesale slaughter”

Edwin Stanton said Andrew Johnson’s policy was the cause

July 1866

40
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Johnson, with an eye on November election, sought to revive the National Union Party as an alliance between northern Democrats and Conservative Republicans

Aug 1866

41
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Rally in Philadelphia

Aug 14th 1866

42
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RadRepubs saw Seward’s hand in the scheme to rupture the Republican Party

Aug 1866

43
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3 cabinet members resigned

aug 1866

44
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Strong described the convention as consisting of “Rebels and Copperheads mostly”

Aug 1866

45
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Nathan Bedford Forrest nominated for VP and Clement Vallandingham wanted a seat at the national table.

aug 1866

46
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Johnson declared that the Civil war was at an end

aug 20th 1866

47
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on pretext of layer cornerstone in Chicago for a monument to Stephen Douglas, Johnson began what came to be seen as “Andy’s Swing around the Circle”. Generally viewed as an attempt to win support for “My policy” as he described Presidential Reconstruction, exploit divisions within the Republicans over the issue of AA suffrage and FG interference with the rights of Southern States, and to win support in the coming mid-term elections

Provoked increasing hostility from audiences he addressed. Calls for “Grant! Grant!”

Frederick Law Olmstead: “Every card he has played has been against him”

James Gordon Bennett - Johnson was being too lenient on the South

aug 1866

48
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Farragut and Grant distanced themselves

Sep 1866

49
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George Williams Curtis Harper’s Weekly: “The massacre at New Orleans will open many eyes”

Sep 1866

50
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Republican landslide

House 173 - 53

Senate 43 - 9

2/3s majority in both houses gave Repubs a veto proof majority for congressional initiative and the 14th amendment.

nov 1866

51
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Johnson vetoed civil rights bill

27th March 1866

52
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Congress overrode the Presidential veto. First time it had overridden a veto on a substantive piece of legislation

April 9th 1866